Body composition changes after bariatric surgery in adults with obesity and hepatic steatosis

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.118280

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2026; 18(7): 118280
Published online Jul 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.118280

Table 1 Sample characteristics in the preoperative and postoperative periods, mean ± SD

Variables	Preoperative, n = 91	Postoperative, n = 91	Δ	P value
Age	36.385 ± 9.54	36.385 + 9.54	0	1
APRI	0.309 ± 0.269	0.285 ± 0.14	0	0.454
FIB4	0.619 ± 0.329	0.667 ± 0.314	-0.024	0.320
BMI (kg/m²)	42.989 ± 6.043	30.86 ± 4.783	0.048	< 0.001^b
ALT	27.911 ± 20.2	23.471 + 10.496	-12.13	0.004^b
AST	36.457 ± 27.807	29.11 + 17.487	-7.347	0.134
Platelets	287.725 ± 67.307	255.318 ± 56.218	-4.44	0.001
Hemoglobin	13.739 ± 1.384	13.349 + 1.667	-32.407	0.857
Fasting glucose	98.208 ± 20.305	84.919 + 13.194	0.802	< 0.001^b
Triglycerides	159.043 ± 77.76	91.334 + 28.751	-13.289	0.038^a
Total cholesterol	197.773 ± 36.307	156.32 + 30.516	-70.106	0.513
HDL cholesterol	46.975 ± 12.984	48.884 + 13.265	-41.985	0.069
Creatinine	0.863 + 0.698	0.818 + 0.263	1.909	0.018^a
Uric acid	6.807 ± 8.195	4.739 + 3.248	0.045	0.201
Vitamin D	24.298 ± 9.154	35.756 + 50.159	-2.069	0.004^b
Vitamin B12	454.135 ± 177.37	541.359 + 299.518	11.458	0.003^b
Ferritin	208.871 ± 221.093	143.534 + 134.435	87.224	0.463
Albumin	4.26 ± 0.327	4.121 + 0.596	-65.337	0.982

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Paired Student’s t-test. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.

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Table 2 Preoperative and postoperative bioelectrical impedance analysis data—categorical variables, n (%)

Categorical variables	Preoperative, n = 91	Postoperative, n = 91	Δ	P value
REF total body water				< 0.001^b
Below	-	-	0
Normal	4 (4.4)	42 (46.15)	38
Above	87 (95.6)	49 (53.85)	-38
REF proteins				< 0.001^b
Below	-	-	0
Normal	6 (6.59)	46 (50.55)	40
Above	85 (93.41)	45 (49.45)	-40
REF minerals				< 0.001^b
Below	-	-	0
Normal	6 (6.59)	16 (17.58)	10
Above	85 (93.41)	75 (82.42)	-10
REF fat mass				< 0.001^b
Below	-	-	0
Normal	1 (1.1)	7 (7.69)	6
Above	90 (98.9)	84 (92.31)	-6
REF skeletal muscle mass				< 0.001^b
Below	-	1 (0.011)	1
Normal	4 (4.4)	41 (45.05)	37
Above	87 (95.6)	49 (53.85)	-38
REF body fat percentage				< 0.001^b
Below	-	-	0
Normal	-	4 (4.4)	4
Above	91 (100)	87 (95.6)	-4
REF intracellular water				< 0.001^b
Below	-	1 (1.1)	1
Normal	6 (6.59)	45 (49.45)	39
Above	85 (93.41)	42 (46.15)	-43
REF extracellular water				< 0.001^b
Below	-	-	0
Normal	6 (6.59)	31 (34.07)	25
Above	85 (93.41)	57 (62.64)	-28
REF body cell mass				< 0.001^b
Below	-	1 (1.1)	1
Normal	7 (7.69)	40 (43.96)	33
Above	84 (92.31)	47 (51.65)	-37

^bP < 0.01.

χ² test. REF: Reference values.

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Table 3 Preoperative and postoperative bioelectrical impedance analysis data—continuous variables, mean ± SD

Variables	Preoperative, n = 91	Postoperative, n = 91	Δ	P value
Total body water (L)	43.47 ± 9.194	38.686 + 8.244	-4.785	0.334
Proteins	11.632 ± 2.426	10.216 + 2.17	-1.415	0.321
Minerals	3.851 ± 0.841	3.807 + 0.822	-0.043	0.851
Fat mass (kg)	59.362 ± 14.157	32.151 + 10.914	-27.211	0.09
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	33.112 ± 7.328	28.719 + 6.457	-4.393	0.229
Body fat percentage	50.036 ± 4.117	37.392 + 7.33	-12.644	< 0.001^b
Intracellular water (L)	26.893 ± 5.509	23.7 + 4.757	-3.193	0.211
Extracellular water (L)	16.382 ± 3.629	14.922 + 3.167	-1.461	0.262
Basal metabolic rate (kcal)	1643.802 ± 268.411	1508.703 + 242.396	-135.099	0.36
Visceral fat area (cm²)	243.304 ± 29.066	152.459 + 50.785	-90.845	< 0.001^b
Body cell mass (kg)	38.56 ± 8.04	33.781 + 7.021	-4.78	0.229
Whole-body phase angle	5.895 ± 0.521	4.977 + 0.543	-0.917	0.982
Right arm phase angle	5.534 ± 0.571	4.7 + 0.571	-0.834	0.756
Left arm phase angle	5.384 ± 0.588	4.51 + 0.532	-0.873	0.507
Trunk phase angle	7.768 ± 1.211	6.586 + 1.279	-1.182	0.463
Right leg phase angle	6.254 ± 0.579	5.264 + 0.64	-0.99	0.813
Left leg phase angle	6.178 ± 0.625	5.203 + 0.68	-0.975	0.939

^bP < 0.01.

Paired Student’s t-test. BMR: Basal metabolic rate; LL: Lower limb; PA: Phase angle; SMM: Skeletal muscle mass; UA: Upper limb.

Full Size Table

Citation: Schmitt LKT, Ferreira LF, Mottin CC, Lacerda BG, Zubiaurre PR, Teixeira JM, Marroni CA, Fernandes SA. Body composition changes after bariatric surgery in adults with obesity and hepatic steatosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(7): 118280
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i7/118280.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.118280

Schmitt LKT, Ferreira LF, Mottin CC, Lacerda BG, Zubiaurre PR, Teixeira JM, Marroni CA, Fernandes SA. Body composition changes after bariatric surgery in adults with obesity and hepatic steatosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(7): 118280 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i7.118280]

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