Posterior approach to Calot’s triangle in situs inversus totalis: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and clinical presentation of reported situs inversus totalis patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 110), mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Value
Demographics
Age, years (n = 109)	47.2 ± 12.8
Age, years (range)	20-76
Sex
Male	28 (25.5)
Female	82 (74.5)
Preoperative diagnosis
Chronic cholecystitis	38 (34.6)
Acute cholecystitis	27 (24.4)
Cholelithiasis/symptomatic gallstone disease	43 (39.1)
Other	2 (1.8)
Primary pain location
Left upper quadrant/hypochondrium	71 (65.1)
Epigastric	28 (25.7)
Right upper quadrant	3 (2.8)
Other/not specified	7 (6.4)

Age was missing in 1 case; the age summary is based on available cases (n = 109). Diagnostic categories were extracted as stated in the original reports and were not reclassified. Primary pain location was extracted as reported. Cases described only as “abdominal pain” without a specified location were categorized as “other/not specified”.

Table 2 As-reported preoperative investigations in reported situs inversus totalis-laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases (n = 110), n (%)

Variables	Value
Ultrasonography	98 (89.1)
Abdominal computed tomography	43 (39.1)
Magnetic resonance imaging	6 (5.5)
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography	14 (12.7)
Chest radiography	76 (69.1)
Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography	4 (3.6)

Modalities were counted only when explicitly reported; non-mention was coded as “not reported” (not “not performed”). Percentages therefore reflect reporting frequency rather than true utilization. Multiple modalities could be reported per case; category totals may exceed 110. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were coded separately according to explicit wording in the original reports.

Table 3 Operative set-up and technical adaptations in reported situs inversus totalis-laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases (n = 110), n (%)

Variables	Value
Surgeon handedness
Right-handed	79 (71.8)
Left-handed	3 (2.7)
Ambidextrous/two-surgeon	1 (0.9)
Other/not reported	27 (24.5)
Primary surgeon position
Surgeon on patient’s right side	86 (78.2)
Surgeon on patient’s left side	5 (4.5)
Surgeon between the legs	12 (10.9)
Other/not reported	7 (6.4)
Port strategy
3-port	12 (10.9)
4-port	81 (73.6)
5-port	5 (4.5)
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery	12 (10.9)

Variables were extracted only when explicitly stated; non-mention was coded as “not reported”. Data summarize reporting frequency across case reports/series and are descriptive only.

Table 4 Perioperative outcomes in reported situs inversus totalis-laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases (n = 110), median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Variables	Value
Operative time, minutes (n = 66)	65 (50-80)
Operative time, minutes (range)	30-135
Postoperative stay, days (n = 99)	2 (1-3)
Postoperative stay range, days	1-8
Postoperative adverse events
Adverse event reported	2 (1.8)
No adverse event reported	99 (90.0)
Adverse event not reported	9 (8.2)