Impact of semaglutide with sleeve gastrectomy on blood glucose control and metabolism in obese type 2 diabetics

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two patient groups (n = 40), n (%)/mean ± SD

Group	Gender		Age (years)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus duration (years)	Number of glucose-lowering agents
	Male	Female			Biguanides	Sulfonylureas
Control group	24 (60.00)	16 (40.00)	54.13 ± 2.52	8.33 ± 1.75	40	27 (67.50)
Observation group	21 (52.50)	19 (47.50)	54.05 ± 3.26	8.53 ± 1.91	40	23 (57.50)
Test statistic	0.457		0.115	-0.489	-	0.853
P value	0.499		0.909	0.626	-	0.356

Table 2 Comparison of blood glucose control rate between the two groups

Group	Number of cases	Number of people meeting the standard	Blood glucose control rate (%)
Control group	40	8	20.00
Observation group	40	38	95.00
χ² value			46.036
P value			< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of glucose metabolism indicators between the two groups (n = 40), mean ± SD

Group	Glycated hemoglobin (%)		Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)		2-hour postprandial glucose (mmol/L)
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Control group	8.95 ± 0.98	7.51 ± 0.84	10.12 ± 1.32	8.97 ± 1.25	14.87 ± 1.26	10.37 ± 1.69
Observation group	8.70 ± 1.04	6.13 ± 0.56	9.80 ± 1.69	6.04 ± 0.89	14.66 ± 1.67	8.52 ± 1.21
t value	1.099	8.642	0.944	12.094	0.626	5.615
P value	0.275	< 0.001	0.348	< 0.001	0.533	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of lipid metabolism indicators and body mass index between the two groups (n = 40), mean ± SD

Group	Total cholesterol (mmol/L)		Triglycerides (mmol/L)		Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)		Body mass index (kg/m2)
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Control group	5.92 ± 0.53	5.19 ± 0.52	1.95 ± 0.31	1.72 ± 0.34	3.14 ± 0.51	2.27 ± 0.37	32.98 ± 1.96	30.74 ± 1.26
Observation group	5.87 ± 0.67	4.02 ± 0.37	2.07 ± 0.37	1.21 ± 0.27	3.26 ± 0.48	1.58 ± 0.24	32.66 ± 1.87	28.09 ± 0.59
t value	0.334	11.633	-1.505	7.459	-1.089	10.010	0.747	12.021
P value	0.739	< 0.001	0.136	< 0.001	0.279	< 0.001	0.458	< 0.001

Table 5 Comparison of pancreatic islet function between the two groups (n = 40), mean ± SD

Group	Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function		Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Control group	1.89 ± 0.35	6.24 ± 0.69	3.79 ± 0.52	2.61 ± 0.36
Observation group	1.95 ± 0.42	7.64 ± 0.77	3.83 ± 0.67	2.08 ± 0.24
t value	-0.724	-8.583	-0.354	7.610
P value	0.471	< 0.001	0.725	< 0.001

Table 6 Comparison of unfavorable events following surgery rates between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Number of cases	Gastrointestinal discomfort	Hypoglycemia	Incisional infection	Local injection pruritus	Complication rate
Control group	40	2 (5.00)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	5 (12.50)
Observation group	40	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	1 (2.50)	0 (0.00)	3 (7.50)
χ² value						1.885
P value						0.901