Comparative study of one-step and four-step injection combined with external stripping and internal ligation for mixed hemorrhoids

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups

Project	Category	Control group (n = 40)	Observation group (n = 40)	Test statistic	P value
Age (year)		50.50 ± 16.70	50.68 ± 14.59	-0.050	0.960
Gender	Male	24 (60.00)	18 (45.00)	1.805	0.179
	Female	16 (40.00)	22 (55.00)
Disease duration (year)		1 (1, 1.75)	1 (1, 8)	-1.182	0.237

The mean ± SD was utilized to express normally distributed continuous data, and independent samples t-tests were employed to compare groups. The median and interquartile range (P25, P75) were utilized to express non-normally distributed data, and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to compare groups. The n (%) was utilized to describe categorical data, and group comparisons were performed using χ² tests.

Table 2 Comparison of surgical-related indicators between the two groups [median (P25, P75)]

Group	Number of cases	Operation time (minute)
Control group	40	35.00 (25.00,43.75)
Observation group	40	30.00 (25.00,45.00)
Z value		-0.286
P value		0.775

Table 3 Comparison of Visual Analogue Scale scores before and after surgery in the two groups (n = 40)

Group	Preoperative	1 day after surgery	5 days post-surgery
Control group	0.33 ± 0.66	3.40 ± 1.06	2.48 ± 0.72
Observation group	0.50 ± 0.93	2.83 ± 0.96	1.90 ± 0.50
t value	-0.970	2.549	4.176
P value	0.335	0.013	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of the two groups’ postoperative recuperation (n = 40)

Group	Hemorrhoid shedding time (day)	Total length of stay (day)
Control group	10.90 ± 3.88	15.03 ± 5.23
Observation group	10.80 ± 3.07	12.55 ± 4.29
t value	0.128	2.315
P value	0.899	0.023

Table 5 Comparison of complication rates between the two groups [n (%)]

Group	Edema	Bleeding	Anal pressure	Pharmacological laxative intervention	Overall incidence
Control group	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	20 (50.00)	20 (50.00)
Observation group	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	12 (30.00)	12 (30.00)
χ2 value					3.333
P value					0.068