Ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule biopsy in esophageal cancer patients with thyroid nodules for surgical decision-making clinical value

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between the two groups, n (%)

Variable	Surgical group (n = 85)	Non-surgical group (n = 35)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years)	46.58 ± 4.21	46.70 ± 4.35
Gender			0.225	0.635
Male	29 (32.00)	12 (34.29)
Female	56 (68.00)	23 (65.71)
BMI	21.51 ± 2.10	21.64 ± 2.21
History of diabetes			0.300	0.584
Yes	11 (12.94)	5 (14.29)
No	74 (87.06)	30 (85.71)
History of hypertension			0.204	0.652
Yes	29 (34.12)	11 (31.43)
No	56 (65.88)	24 (68.57)
Tumor location			0.429	0.807
Upper chest	22 (25.88)	10 (28.57)
Mid- chest	45 (52.94)	18 (51.43)
Lower chest	18 (21.18)	7 (20.00)
Clinical staging			76.960	< 0.001
Phase I	10 (11.76)	0 (0.00)
Phase II	35 (41.18)	4 (11.43)
Phase III	38 (44.71)	13 (37.14)
Phase IV	2 (2.35)	18 (51.43)
Pathological types			2.199	0.138
Adenocarcinoma	73 (85.88)	28 (80.00)
Squamous cell carcinoma	12 (14.12)	7 (20.00)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Thyroid nodule ultrasonography features in the two groups are compared, n (%)

Ultrasound characteristics	Surgical group (n = 85)	Non-surgical group (n = 35)	χ2/t	P value
Nodule characteristics			14.587	< 0.001
Cystic	34 (40.00)	5 (14.29)
Reality	51 (60.00)	30 (85.71)
Internal echo			9.347	0.002
Equal/high echo	28 (32.94)	3 (8.57)
Low echo	57 (67.06)	32 (91.43)
Calcification			0.134	0.715
Have	20 (23.53)	7 (20.00)
None	65 (76.47)	28 (80.00)
Nodule boundary			11.335	0.001
Clear	54 (63.53)	13 (37.14)
Vague	31 (36.47)	22 (62.86)
Aspect ratio			10.538	0.001
≥ 1	21 (24.71)	18 (51.43)
< 1	64 (75.29)	17 (48.57)

Table 3 Comparison of the two groups' ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, n (%)

Bethesda rating	Class I	Class II	Class III	Class IV	Category V	Category VI	V-VI categories
Surgical group (n = 85)	3 (3.53)	68 (80.00)	6 (70.59)	2 (2.35)	4 (4.71)	2 (2.35)	6 (7.06)
Non-surgical group (n = 35)	2 (5.71)	10 (28.57)	4 (47.06)	2 (5.71)	5 (14.29)	12 (34.29)	17 (48.57)
χ2							34.135
P value							< 0.001

Table 4 Analysis of specific causes in the non-surgical group (n = 35), n (%)

Classification	Number of examples
Stage IV was determined due to clear distant metastases outside the thyroid gland (such as to the liver, lungs, and bones)	10 (28.57)
Metastatic cancer was diagnosed through thyroid biopsy	15 (42.86)
Due to severe comorbidities/cardiopulmonary inability to tolerate major surgery	6 (17.14)
Because the patient or their family subjectively refuses surgery	4 (11.43)

Table 5 A multifactorial analysis of the variables influencing the choice to have an esophagectomy

variable	Regression coefficient	SE	Wals	P value	OR value	95%CI
Clinical staging	1.447	0.392	13.646	< 0.001	4.251	1.973-9.162
US-FNAB results	1.316	0.374	12.366	< 0.001	3.730	1.791-7.769

US-FNAB: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 The diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid malignancies

US-FNAB inspection	Pathological examination		Total
	Malignant	Benign
Malignant	18	5	23
Benign	2	95	97
Total	20	100	120

US-FNAB: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.