Thoracoscopic vs open esophagectomy: Short-term efficacy with laparoscopic gastric tube

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Group	n	Sex		Age (years)	BMI (kg/m2)	cT grade			cN grade
		Male	Female			T1	T2	T3	N0	N1
Thoracoscopic group	58	42 (72.4)	16 (27.6)	62.5 ± 8.1	22.8 ± 2.5	10 (17.2)	25 (43.1)	23 (39.7)	35 (60.3)	23 (39.7)
Open surgery group	40	32 (80.0)	8 (20.0)	64.2 ± 7.6	23.1 ± 2.7	8 (20.0)	16 (40.0)	16 (40.0)	22 (55.0)	18 (45.0)
χ2/t		0.784		1.052	0.573	0.211			0.327
P value		0.376		0.296	0.568	0.900			0.567

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of perioperative indicators between the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	Total operation time (minutes)	Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	Total lymph nodes dissected (n)	Right upper mediastinal lymph nodes (n)	Sub-carinal lymph nodes (n)	Perigastric lymph nodes (n)
Thoracoscopic group	285.6 ± 45.3	150.5 ± 50.2	22.4 ± 6.1	4.5 ± 1.8	3.2 ± 1.1	7.8 ± 2.5
Open surgery group	275.8 ± 50.1	320.8 ± 85.7	21.8 ± 5.9	4.2 ± 1.6	3.0 ± 1.3	7.5 ± 2.4
t-value	1.012	-12.345	0.491	0.867	0.821	0.596
P value	0.314	< 0.001	0.625	0.388	0.414	0.553

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative recovery between the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	Chest-tube duration (days)	Time to first ambulation (days)	Postoperative hospital stay (days)	Return of bowel sounds (hours)	Time to oral fluid tolerance (days)
Thoracoscopic group	5.1 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 0.8	12.5 ± 3.2	28.5 ± 6.8	5.8 ± 1.2
Open surgery group	7.2 ± 2.1	2.8 ± 1.0	15.8 ± 4.5	35.2 ± 9.5	6.9 ± 1.8
t-value	-5.678	-1.234	-4.123	-4.012	-3.567
P value	< 0.001	0.220	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001

Table 4 Comparison of postoperative recovery between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Pulmonary infection	Arrhythmia	Anastomotic leak	Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury	Chylothorax	Wound infection	Total complications
Thoracoscopic group	5 (8.6)	6 (10.3)	3 (5.2)	4 (6.9)	1 (1.7)	2 (3.4)	14 (24.1)
Open surgery group	10 (25.0)	7 (17.5)	2 (5.0)	5 (12.5)	1 (2.5)	4 (10.0)	19 (47.5)
χ2 value							5.876
P value							0.015

Table 5 Comparison of postoperative recovery (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 scores) between the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	General health		Somatic function		Role features
	Preoperative	Postoperative 1 month	Preoperative	Postoperative 1 month	Preoperative	Postoperative 1 month
Thoracoscopic group	68.5 ± 9.8	65.8 ± 10.2	76.2 ± 10.5	72.5 ± 11.6	74.8 ± 11.2	68.9 ± 12.1
Open surgery group	67.9 ± 10.3	58.3 ± 12.5	75.8 ± 11.1	65.1 ± 13.8	73.9 ± 12.4	60.5 ± 14.2
t	0.302	3.345	0.185	2.894	0.376	3.112
P value	0.763	0.001	0.854	0.005	0.708	0.002