Influence of laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy for early gallbladder cancer on surgical performance, postoperative recuperation, and complication rates

Table 1 Patient demographics, n (%)/mean ± SD

Indicators	Control group (n = 40)	Research group (n = 49)	χ2/t	P value
Male	15 (37.50)	14 (28.57)	0.799	0.371
Average age (years)	52.42 ± 6.48	53.31 ± 6.38	0.650	0.517
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.75 ± 2.96	22.10 ± 2.66	1.090	0.279
Disease duration (months)	8.55 ± 2.23	9.39 ± 2.01	1.867	0.065
Clinical staging			0.074	0.786
I	16 (40.00)	21 (42.86)
II	24 (60.00)	28 (57.14)
Tumor diameter (cm)	2.56 ± 0.53	2.47 ± 0.57	0.765	0.447

Table 2 Tumor pathological indexes, n (%)/mean ± SD

Indicators	Control group (n = 40)	Research group (n = 49)	χ2/t	P value
Lymph node yield	7.45 ± 2.46	7.57 ± 2.06	0.250	0.803
Surgical margin			0.267	0.606
R0	30 (75.00)	39 (79.59)
R1	10 (25.00)	10 (20.41)

Table 3 Complications, n (%)

Indicators	Control group (n = 40)	Research group (n = 49)	χ2	P value
Wound infection	8 (20.00)	3 (6.12)
Biliary fistula	5 (12.50)	4 (8.16)
Intra-abdominal infection	6 (15.00)	0 (0.00)
Total	19 (47.50)	7 (14.29)	11.749	< 0.001

Table 4 Surgical stress responses, mean ± SD

Indicators	Control group (n = 40)	Research group (n = 49)	t value	P value
Adrenaline (pg/mL)
Preoperative	13.70 ± 4.46	13.71 ± 3.89	0.011	0.991
Postoperative	22.88 ± 4.43c	17.92 ± 3.88b	5.628	< 0.001
Cortisol (ng/mL)
Preoperative	339.57 ± 48.63	336.29 ± 54.34	0.297	0.767
Postoperative	407.50 ± 62.79c	372.88 ± 53.43b	2.810	0.006
Norepinephrine (pg/mL)
Preoperative	355.93 ± 54.27	368.92 ± 62.60	1.033	0.305
Postoperative	431.02 ± 49.97c	401.57 ± 76.79b	2.090	0.040

^bP < 0.01 (within-group comparison vs preoperative measurement).

^cP < 0.001 (within-group comparison vs preoperative measurement).

Table 5 Quality-of-life analysis, mean ± SD

Indicators	Control group (n = 40)	Research group (n = 49)	t value	P value
Psychological well-being (points)
Preoperative	62.73 ± 5.21	63.92 ± 5.98	0.989	0.326
Postoperative	72.58 ± 5.61b	75.67 ± 7.34c	2.190	0.031
Physical well-being (points)
Preoperative	61.25 ± 5.72	59.45 ± 6.68	1.348	0.181
Postoperative	71.78 ± 5.38b	77.67 ± 7.68c	4.097	< 0.001
Social well-being (points)
Preoperative	64.85 ± 6.68	64.59 ± 6.02	0.193	0.848
Postoperative	72.08 ± 8.07b	81.39 ± 6.02c	6.229	< 0.001
Material well-being (points)
Preoperative	57.45 ± 5.36	57.00 ± 5.73	0.379	0.705
Postoperative	70.12 ± 6.93b	73.98 ± 7.48c	2.502	0.014

^bP < 0.01 (within-group comparison vs preoperative measurement).

^cP < 0.001 (within-group comparison vs preoperative measurement).