Navigating anatomical complexity in laparoscopic sigmoid cancer surgery: A three-dimension reconstruction protocol for intraoperative safety and efficiency

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the sigmoid colon cancer patients

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 55)	Control group (n = 51)	t value/χ2	P value
Age (years)	69.27 ± 12.38	66.31 ± 14.20	1.134	0.259
Gender			0.019	0.891
Male	32	29
Female	23	22
Height (cm)	162.96 ± 8.09	163.06 ± 8.99	0.057	0.955
Weight (kg)	61.85 ± 12.67	61.95 ± 11.01	0.041	0.967
BMI (kg/m2)	23.20 ± 3.94	23.192 ± 3.06	0.008	0.993
Clinical stage			3.931	0.140
I	13	21
II	26	17
III	16	13
Tumor location			0.489	0.783
Upper	5	6
Middle	17	13
Lower	33	32
IMA types			0.642	0.887
I	27	25
II	10	12
III	15	12
IV	3	2
Surgical approach			0.617	0.735
Left hemicolectomy	8	10
Sigmoid colectomy	19	15
Low anterior resection	28	26

BMI: Body mass index; IMA: Inferior mesenteric artery.

Table 2 Perioperative characteristics of the sigmoid colon cancer patients

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 55)	Control group (n = 51)	t value/χ2	P value
T			0.416	0.677
T1/T2	37	37
T3/T4	18	14
N			0.237	0.813
N0	39	38
N+	16	13
Lymph vessel invasion			0.173	0.678
Yes	16	13
No	39	38
Nerve invasion			0.043	0.835
Yes	15	13
No	40	38
Number of lymph node dissections	16.91 ± 5.74	14.45 ± 5.66	2.197	0.030
Operating time (minutes)	172.91 ± 20.69	190.29 ± 32.29	3.272	0.002
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	31.45 ± 11.82	44.12 ± 23.36	3.525	0.001
Postoperative exhaust time (day)	2.23 ± 0.54	2.53 ± 0.61	2.256	0.013
Postoperative length of stay (days)
mean ± SD	8.6 ± 2.6	10.5 ± 4.9	2.754	0.014
Median (IQR)	8.00 (8.00, 10.00)	9.00 (7.00, 12.00)		0.201
Hospital length of stay (days)
mean ± SD	13.47 ± 1.74	16.20 ± 7.71	2.256	0.013
Median (IQR)	14.00 (12.00, 15.00)	35.1 (31.4, 38.6)		0.169
Intestinal obstruction				1.000
Yes	2	1
No	53	50
Anastomotic leakage				0.497
Yes	0	2
No	55	59
Wound infection				0.486
Yes	0	1
No	54	50