Clinicopathological and endoscopic ultrasonography characteristics of esophageal bronchogenic cysts: A single-center study

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the 22 esophageal bronchogenic cysts

Characteristics	n (%)
Age	47.0 ± 12.2
Male/female	13/9
Symptoms
Epigastric distension	2 (9.1)
Epigastric discomfort	1 (4.5)
Dysphagia	3 (13.7)
Asymptomatic	16 (72.7)
Location
Lower esophagus	16 (72.7)
Middle esophagus	6 (27.3)
Treatment
Endoscopic treatment	14 (63.6)
EMR	2 (14.2)
STER	12 (85.8)
Surgery	8 (36.3)
Color of cystic fluid
White	2 (14.2)
Yellow	7 (50)
Brown	5 (35.8)
Pathology
Ciliated columnar epithelium	22 (100)
Smooth muscles	16 (72.7)
Bronchial glands	8 (36.3)
Cartilage	3 (13.7)

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; STER: Submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection.

Table 2 Endoscopic ultrasonography characteristics of the 22 esophageal bronchogenic cysts

EUS characteristics	n (%)
Average lesion size (cm)	3.12 ± 1.25
Origin
Muscularis propria	20 (90.9)
Submucosa	2 (9.1)
Growth pattern
Predominant extraluminal growth	18 (81.8)
Intraluminal growth	4 (18.2)
Margin
Smooth and clear	22 (100)
Indistinct	0 (0)
Blood flow signal	0 (0)
Echo
Hypoecho	17 (77.3)
Anecho	5 (22.7)
Punctiform hyperecho	10 (45.5)
Flocculent hypoecho	8 (36.4)
Posterior wall enhancement	10 (45.5)
EUS elastography	6
Yellow-green or green	6 (100)
Blue	0 (0)
CE-EUS
Enhancement	0 (0)
No enhancement	5 (100)

Smooth and clear the margin is clear, smooth and easy to identify through endoscopic ultrasonography. Indistinct the margin is unclear or blurry, difficult to distinguish from surrounding tissues. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; CE-EUS: Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography.