Factors influencing postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer: A retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 500), mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristic	Value
Age (years)	63.7 ± 11.2
Male sex	312 (62.4)
BMI (kg/m²)	23.8 ± 3.6
ASA score
I	98 (19.6)
II	276 (55.2)
III	118 (23.6)
IV	8 (1.6)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	187 (37.4)
Diabetes	95 (19.0)
Cardiovascular disease	73 (14.6)
COPD	41 (8.2)
Smoking history	156 (31.2)
Preoperative laboratory values
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.3 ± 1.8
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8 ± 0.5
CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)	5.2 (2.1-12.7)
Tumor location
Upper third	112 (22.4)
Middle third	178 (35.6)
Lower third	210 (42.0)
Clinical TNM stage
I	156 (31.2)
II	178 (35.6)
III	166 (33.2)
Lauren classification
Intestinal	247 (49.4)
Diffuse	193 (38.6)
Mixed	60 (12.0)
Neoadjuvant therapy	87 (17.4)

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; IQR: Interquartile range; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Table 2 Surgical characteristics (n = 500), n (%)

Characteristic	Value
Type of gastrectomy
Total	187 (37.4)
Subtotal	313 (62.6)
Combined organ resection	68 (13.6)
Operative time (minute), median (IQR)	225 (185-270)
Estimated blood loss (mL), median (IQR)	200 (150-300)
Intraoperative blood transfusion	53 (10.6)

IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Distribution of complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification

Clavien-Dindo grade	n (%)
No complications	358 (71.6)
I	37 (7.4)
II	29 (5.8)
IIIa	42 (8.4)
IIIb	21 (4.2)
IVa	9 (1.8)
IVb	2 (0.4)
V	2 (0.4)

Table 4 Types of postoperative complications

Complication	n (%)
Pulmonary complications	54 (10.8)
Surgical site infections	43 (8.6)
Anastomotic leakage	21 (4.2)
Pancreatic fistula	18 (3.6)
Postoperative bleeding	15 (3.0)
Delayed gastric emptying	14 (2.8)
Cardiovascular complications	12 (2.4)

Table 5 Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications, n (%)

Risk factor	Complication (n = 142)	No complication (n = 358)	Univariate P value	Multivariate OR (95%CI)	Multivariate P value
Age ≥ 70 years	58 (40.8)	92 (25.7)	0.001	1.78 (1.21-2.62)	0.003
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²	51 (35.9)	89 (24.9)	0.015	1.56 (1.05-2.31)	0.027
ASA score ≥ III	52 (36.6)	74 (20.7)	< 0.001	Not identified	Not identified
Diabetes	37 (26.1)	58 (16.2)	0.012	Not identified	Not identified
Preop albumin < 3.5 g/dL	45 (31.7)	76 (21.2)	0.015	Not identified	Not identified
Advanced tumor stage (III)	62 (43.7)	104 (29.1)	0.002	1.92 (1.29-2.86)	0.001
Total gastrectomy	68 (47.9)	119 (33.2)	0.003	1.75 (1.18-2.59)	0.005
Combined organ resection	28 (19.7)	40 (11.2)	0.014	Not identified	Not identified
Operative time ≥ 240 minutes	71 (50.0)	129 (36.0)	0.004	1.63 (1.10-2.42)	0.015
Blood loss ≥ 300 mL	53 (37.3)	97 (27.1)	0.026	Not identified	Not identified

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.