Efficacy of modified pancreatic duct stent drainage during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for common bile duct stones

Table 1 The general clinical data of the three groups of patients were compared

	Modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group (n = 59)	Nasobiliary drainage group (n = 58)	Standard biliary drainage group (n = 58)	χ2/F value	P value
Gender (male/female)	35 (59.32)/24 (40.68)	33 (56.90)/25 (43.10)	32 (55.17)/26 (44.83)	0.208	0.901
ASA classification (I/II/III)	22 (37.29)/28 (47.46)/9 (15.25)	11 (18.97)/36 (62.07)/11 (18.97)	16 (27.59)/32 (54.24)/10 (17.24)	4.887	0.299
The number of gallstones in the bile duct (1/2/3/≥ 4)	29 (49.15)/7 (11.86)/5 (8.47)/18 (30.51)	28 (48.28)/5 (8.62)/5 (8.62)/20 (34.48)	23 (39.66)/6 (10.34)/5 (8.62)/24 (41.38)	2	0.92
Age (year)	51.42 ± 15.14	52.00 ± 16.08	51.84 ± 15.84	0.021	0.979
BMI (kg/m2)	23.34 ± 3.82	23.29 ± 3.67	23.16 ± 3.54	0.037	0.964
History of drinking (yes/no)	26 (44.07)/33 (55.93)	24 (41.38)/34 (58.62)	23 (39.66)/35 (60.34)	0.238	0.888
Time of onset before surgery (hours)	35.51 ± 3.25	35.94 ± 3.58	36.10 ± 4.33	0.389	0.678
Total hospital stay duration (days)	9.12 ± 4.34	10.62 ± 5.06	11.04 ± 5.13	2.536	0.082
Disease duration (month)	21.14 ± 4.28	22.04 ± 4.05	21.67 ± 3.94	0.715	0.491
Surgical duration (minutes)	61.04 ± 8.91	60.55 ± 6.42	60.07 ± 7.49	0.233	0.792
Diameter of the bile duct (cm)	1.34 ± 0.43	1.31 ± 0.48	1.38 ± 0.51	0.318	0.728
Stone diameter (cm)	0.86 ± 0.35	0.88 ± 0.36	0.91 ± 0.43	0.254	0.776

Results expressed as mean ± SD, or the number of patients and percentage (%). ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of laboratory indicators among three groups of patients, mean ± SD

	Modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group (n = 59)	Nasobiliary drainage group (n = 58)	Standard biliary drainage group (n = 58)	F value	P value	P1 value	P2 value	P3 value
AST (U/L)
24 hours before the surgery	58.38 ± 18.49	55.71 ± 20.07	55.75 ± 20.84	0.217	0.642
24 hours after the surgery	29.28 ± 3.47	48.64 ± 4.37	30.13 ± 3.88	449.671	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.240
ALT (U/L)
24 hours before the surgery	85.36 ± 6.41	83.15 ± 6.74	84.28 ± 6.69	0.221	0.639
24 hours after the surgery	35.44 ± 4.73	68.54 ± 5.58	36.49 ± 6.33	650.159	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.294
ALP (U/L)
24 hours before the surgery	160.42 ± 35.48	159.45 ± 34.82	158.47 ± 31.82	1.153	0.284
24 hours after the surgery	133.09 ± 33.21	153.14 ± 36.58	134.54 ± 31.25	6.390	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.837
GGT (U/L)
24 hours before the surgery	383.45 ± 106.82	364.58 ± 119.42	322.84 ± 128.94	0.402	0.527
24 hours after the surgery	252.64 ± 44.52	294.59 ± 51.60	255.52 ± 55.31	12.314	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.668
TBIL (mol/L)
24 hours before the surgery	28.65 ± 6.77	28.94 ± 6.82	28.59 ± 5.82	1.603	0.207
24 hours after the surgery	16.08 ± 3.38	24.36 ± 4.16	16.18 ± 3.67	94.115	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.878
DBIL (mol/L)
24 hours before the surgery	12.53 ± 3.56	13.05 ± 3.81	13.34 ± 3.64	3.165	0.077
24 hours after the surgery	8.59 ± 2.14	9.93 ± 2.42	8.96 ± 2.57	5.213	0.006	0.002	0.032	0.328
CRP (mg/L)
24 hours before the surgery	104.58 ± 5.89	102.57 ± 6.68	101.53 ± 5.46	2.516	0.115
24 hours after the surgery	83.65 ± 6.91	96.08 ± 7.04	84.53 ± 6.31	62.572	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.311
WBC (× 109/L)
24 hours before the surgery	11.28 ± 5.94	10.64 ± 4.58	10.53 ± 5.08	0.089	0.766
24 hours after the surgery	9.51 ± 4.41	9.46 ± 5.02	9.48 ± 4.66	0.003	0.997	0.942	0.984	0.959
Hb (g/L)
24 hours before the surgery	133.54 ± 20.19	134.48 ± 20.25	134.82 ± 20.72	2.171	0.143
24 hours after the surgery	123.14 ± 19.58	124.15 ± 18.24	123.31 ± 18.94	0.043	0.958	0.796	0.805	0.992
NEU (%)
24 hours before the surgery	0.78 ± 0.14	0.79 ± 0.13	0.78 ± 0.15	0.627	0.430
24 hours after the surgery	0.73 ± 0.08	0.76 ± 0.09	0.74 ± 0.07	1.337	0.265	0.157	0.159	0.999
AMY (IU/L)
24 hours before the surgery	281.26 ± 94.15	274.59 ± 93.08	268.42 ± 99.81	1.116	0.292
24 hours after the surgery	121.46 ± 44.28	175.83 ± 46.82	127.43 ± 41.08	26.653	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.432

P1 represents the comparison between the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group and nasobiliary drainage group. P2 represents the comparison between the nasobiliary drainage group and standard biliary drainage group. P3 represents the comparison between the standard biliary drainage group and modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cells; Hb: Hemoglobin; NEU: Neutrophils; AMY: Amylase.

Table 3 Comparison of visual analogue scale scores among the three groups of patients, mean ± SD

	Modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group (n = 59)	Nasobiliary drainage group (n = 58)	Standard biliary drainage group (n = 58)	F value	P value	P1 value	P2 value	P3 value
VAS (point)
24 hours before the surgery	6.25 ± 2.16	6.24 ± 2.45	6.26 ± 2.54	0.077	0.781
24 hours after the surgery	4.36 ± 1.18	5.54 ± 1.24	4.92 ± 1.68	10.416	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.017	0.033

P1 represents the comparison between the modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group and nasobiliary drainage group. P2 represents the comparison between the nasobiliary drainage group and standard biliary drainage group. P3 represents the comparison between the standard biliary drainage group and modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group. VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 4 Comparison of complication occurrence in three groups of patients

	Modified pancreatic duct stent drainage group (n = 59)	Nasobiliary drainage group (n = 58)	Standard biliary drainage group (n = 58)	χ2 value	P value
Complications	14 (23.73)	18 (31.03)	21 (36.21)	2.180	0.336
Pancreatitis	1 (1.69)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Cholangitis	0 (0.00)	1 (1.72)	0 (0.00)
Hemorrhage	0 (0.00)	2 (3.45)	2 (3.45)
Perforation	1 (1.69)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.72)
Wound infection	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.72)
Hyperamylasemia	12 (20.34)	15 (25.86)	17 (29.31)
Death	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)

The number of patients and percentage (%).