Endoscopic full-thickness resection vs surgical resection for gastric stromal tumors: Efficacy and safety using propensity score matching

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients, n (%)

Variables	Pre-matched corhort				Matched corhort
	EFTR, n = 362	SR, n = 211	P value	SMD	EFTR, n = 95	SR, n = 95	P value	SMD
Age (years), mean ± SD	58.98 ± 8.14	59.07 ± 10.61	0.906	0.010	59.79 ± 8.90	58.64 ± 9.13	0.328	0.127
Sex
Males	123 (34.0)	86 (40.8)	0.124	0.140	37 (38.9)	37 (38.9)	1.000	< 0.001
Females	239 (66.0)	125 (59.2)			58 (61.1)	58 (61.1)
Tumor location
Cardia	21 (5.8)	5 (2.4)	< 0.001	0.743	4 (4.2)	3 (3.2)	0.946	0.088
Fundus	208 (57.5)	60 (28.4)			36 (37.9)	37 (38.9)
Body	113 (31.2)	100 (47.4)			44 (46.3)	42 (44.2)
Antrum	20 (5.5)	46 (21.8)			11 (11.6)	13 (13.7)
Growth pattern
Endophytic	276 (76.2)	147 (69.7)	0.103	0.148	70 (73.7)	67 (70.5)	0.746	0.070
Exophytic	86 (23.8)	64 (30.3)			25 (26.3)	28 (29.5)
Tumor size (cm), mean ± SD	1.73 ± 0.84	3.08 ± 1.11	< 0.001	1.371	2.57 ± 11.1	2.62 ± 1.15	0.763	0.044
Modified NIH score
Very low risk	284 (78.5)	42 (19.9)	< 0.001	1.450	32 (33.7)	34 (35.8)	0.950	0.086
Low risk	70 (19.3)	141 (66.8)			55 (57.9)	53 (55.8)
Intermediate risk	5 (1.4)	18 (8.5)			5 (5.3)	4 (4.2)
High risk	3 (0.8)	10 (4.7)			3 (3.2)	4 (4.2)

EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; SR: Surgical resection; SMD: Standardized mean difference; NIH: National Institutes of Health.

Table 2 Perioperative characteristics and long-term outcomes, n (%)

Variables	EFTR, n = 95	SR, n = 95	P value
Operation time (minute), mean ± SD	91.21 ± 57.21	123.11 ± 49.03	< 0.001
Days to resume liquid diet (day), mean ± SD	3.43 ± 1.61	7.43 ± 7.44	< 0.001
Days of hospital stay (day), mean ± SD	8.39 ± 4.40	16.32 ± 8.10	< 0.001
Adverse events			0.031
Postoperative fever	5 (5.3)	13 (13.7)
Infection	13 (13.7)	21 (22.1)
Peritonitis	3 (3.2)	2 (2.1)
Bleeding	0 (0.0)	2 (2.1)
Resection status
En bloc	89 (93.7)	95 (100.0)	0.038
Piecemeal	6 (6.3)	0 (0.0)
Recurrence	4 (4.2)	3 (3.2)	1.000
Hospitalization expenses (CNY), mean ± SD	30734.22 ± 15741.46	53231.56 ± 24235.56	< 0.001

EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; SR: Surgical resection; CNY: China yuan; SMD: Standardized mean difference; NIH: National Institutes of Health.

Table 3 Data regarding the Cox proportional hazards model

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)	0.921 (0.846-1.00)	0.0621	0.930 (0.848-1.02)	0.126
Sex
Males	Reference
Females	1.40 (0.312-6.25)	0.661
Growth pattern
Endophytic	Reference
Exophytic	7.15 (1.38-36.9)	0.0189
Tumor size (cm)	1.74 (0.910-3.33)	0.0937	2.46 (0.812-7.43)	0.112
Modified NIH score
Very low risk	Reference		Reference
Low risk	1.91 (0.198-18.34)	0.576	0.268 (0.00917-7.82)	0.444
Intermediate risk	7.71 (0.482-123.38)	0.149	0.463 (0.00730-29.4)	0.716
High risk	14.99 (1.35-165.33)	0.0273	1.20 (0.0239-60.2)	0.928
Resection status
En bloc	0.0563 (0.00624-0.508)	0.0104	0.0179 (0.000655-0.491)	0.0173
Piecemeal	Reference		Reference
Resection method
SR	Reference
EFTR	1.97 (0.434-8.93)	0.38

EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; SR: Surgical resection; NIH: National Institutes of Health; HR: Hazard ratios.