Impact of diabetes on recovery after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients before and after propensity score matching, n (%)

Characteristic	Before matching			After matching
	Diabetic (n = 300)	Non-diabetic (n = 900)	P value	Diabetic (n = 280)	Non-diabetic (n = 280)	P value
Age (years)	68.5 ± 9.2	63.7 ± 11.3	< 0.001	67.8 ± 9.5	67.3 ± 10.1	0.54
Male sex	190 (62.9)	536 (59.0)	0.22	172 (61.4)	169 (60.4)	0.80
BMI (kg/m²)	26.3 ± 4.1	24.8 ± 3.7	< 0.001	25.9 ± 3.9	25.7 ± 3.8	0.53
Hypertension	187 (61.9)	372 (41.0)	< 0.001	168 (60.0)	165 (58.9)	0.79
CVD	85 (28.1)	154 (17.0)	< 0.001	75 (26.8)	72 (25.7)	0.77
Tumor stage			0.18			0.95
I	70 (23.2)	236 (26.0)		66 (23.6)	68 (24.3)
II	93 (30.8)	300 (33.0)		89 (31.8)	87 (31.1)
III	139 (46.0)	372 (41.0)		125 (44.6)	125 (44.6)

BMI: Body mass index; CVD: Cardiovascular disease.

Table 2 Incidence of specific postoperative complications in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, n (%)

Complication	Diabetic (n = 280)	Non-diabetic (n = 280)	P value
Surgical site infection	44 (15.7)	25 (8.9)	0.015
Pneumonia	35 (12.5)	20 (7.1)	0.037
Urinary tract infection	26 (9.3)	13 (4.6)	0.029
Anastomotic leakage	17 (6.1)	11 (3.9)	0.241
Deep vein thrombosis	9 (3.2)	5 (1.8)	0.281

Table 3 Mean quality of life scores at 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery, mean ± SD

Domain	Time point	Diabetic	Non-diabetic	Mean difference (95%CI)	P value
Physical functioning	3 months	65.2 ± 18.7	73.5 ± 16.9	-8.3 (-11.7 to -4.9)	< 0.001
	6 months	71.8 ± 17.3	78.9 ± 15.6	-7.1 (-10.2 to -4.0)	< 0.001
	12 months	75.6 ± 16.1	81.2 ± 14.8	-5.6 (-8.5 to -2.7)	< 0.001
Fatigue	3 months	43.7 ± 22.4	36.5 ± 20.1	7.2 (4.1 to 10.3)	< 0.001
	6 months	38.9 ± 20.8	33.1 ± 18.7	5.8 (2.9 to 8.7)	< 0.001
	12 months	35.2 ± 19.5	30.8 ± 17.9	4.4 (1.7 to 7.1)	0.002
Pain	3 months	32.8 ± 24.6	26.3 ± 22.1	6.5 (3.2 to 9.8)	< 0.001
	6 months	28.5 ± 22.9	23.7 ± 20.8	4.8 (1.7 to 7.9)	0.003
	12 months	25.1 ± 21.3	21.4 ± 19.5	3.7 (0.8 to 6.6)	0.013
Reflux symptoms	3 months	26.9 ± 22.7	21.1 ± 19.8	5.8 (2.7 to 8.9)	0.002
	6 months	24.3 ± 21.1	19.8 ± 18.5	4.5 (1.6 to 7.4)	0.004
	12 months	22.7 ± 20.3	18.9 ± 17.9	3.8 (1.1 to 6.5)	0.006
Eating restrictions	3 months	38.6 ± 24.9	31.5 ± 22.3	7.1 (3.9 to 10.3)	< 0.001
	6 months	34.2 ± 23.1	28.7 ± 20.8	5.5 (2.5 to 8.5)	< 0.001
	12 months	31.3 ± 21.7	26.9 ± 19.5	4.4 (1.6 to 7.2)	0.002

Higher scores indicate better physical functioning and worse symptoms/problems in other domains.