Effect of nalbuphine on analgesia and pain factors after gastric cancer resection

Table 1 Comparison of pain levels between the two groups (score, mean ± SD)

Group	Status	1 hour after surgery	6 hours after surgery	12 hours after surgery	24 hours after surgery	48 hours after surgery
Observation (n = 54)	Tranquillization	1.42 ± 0.36	2.36 ± 0.41a	3.15 ± 0.48a	3.07 ± 0.50a	2.48 ± 0.46a
	Activity	1.96 ± 0.41	3.18 ± 0.42a	4.82 ± 0.56a	4.73 ± 0.63a	3.01 ± 0.64a
Control (n = 54)	Tranquillization	1.45 ± 0.38	3.17 ± 0.48	4.20 ± 0.51	4.08 ± 0.58	3.27 ± 0.51
	Activity	2.01 ± 0.48	4.18 ± 0.50	5.86 ± 0.67	5.96 ± 0.72	4.16 ± 0.82

^aP < 0.05, compared with the control group in the same state.

Table 2 Comparison of the analgesic effects between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Group	48 hours presses (times)	48-hour consumption (mL)	Effective percentage (%)
Observation (n = 54)	2.84 ± 0.71	18.28 ± 2.48	75.28 ± 3.15
Control (n = 54)	4.73 ± 0.69	35.48 ± 3.69	70.04 ± 3.06
t	14.028	28.429	8.768
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of pain-related factor expression between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Group	PGE2 (pg/mL)		5-HT (ng/mL)		SP (μg/mL)
	Preoperative	24 hours after surgery	Preoperative	24 hours after surgery	Preoperative	24 hours after surgery
Observation (n = 54)	98.82 ± 12.07	138.84 ± 15.61a	121.28 ± 26.36	178.82 ± 31.35a	0.80 ± 0.21	1.48 ± 0.23a
Control (n = 54)	101.06 ± 15.63	169.86 ± 18.82a	118.84 ± 27.49	226.81 ± 36.71a	0.79 ± 0.20	1.96 ± 0.34a
t	0.834	9.323	0.471	7.305	0.253	8.593
P value	0.406	< 0.001	0.639	< 0.001	0.800	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, compared with the preoperative procedure.

PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; 5-HT: Serotonin; SP: Substance P.

Table 4 Comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Nausea and vomitting	Shiver	Dizzy	Drowsiness	Retention of urine	Respiratory depression	Total
Observation (n = 54)	1 (1.85)	0	1 (1.85)	1 (1.85)	0	0	3 (5.56)
Control (n = 54)	3 (5.56)	2 (3.70)	2 (3.70)	2 (3.70)	1 (1.85)	2 (3.70)	12 (22.22)
χ2							6.271
P value							0.012