Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2024; 16(8): 2662-2670
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i8.2662
Table 1 Comparison of operative conditions, mean ± SD
Group
Number of cases
Operation time (minute)
Intraoperative bleeding volume (mL)
Crystalloid liquid (mL)
Colloid fluid (mL)
Total infusion volume (mL)
Urine volume (mL)
Observation group92183.61 ± 8.52249.25 ± 10.221134.69 ± 20.98521.06 ± 10.521908.25 ± 20.66321.58 ± 10.52
Control group92183.67 ± 8.55248.63 ± 10.361129.87 ± 20.55532.05 ± 10.561915.58 ± 20.32522.14 ± 10.777
t value0.0480.4091.5747.0722.426127.733
P value0.9620.6830.117< 0.0010.016< 0.001
Table 2 Comparison of blood lactic acid levels, mean ± SD
Group
Number of cases
Blood lactic acid level (mmol/L)
Immediately after entering operating room
Immediately after surgery
Observation group921.09 ± 0.221.24 ± 0.24
Control group921.10 ± 0.251.38 ± 0.29
t value0.2883.567
P value0.774< 0.001
Table 3 Comparison of postoperative recovery, mean ± SD
Group
Number of cases
Time to first exhaust (h)
Time to tracheal extubation (h)
Time to food intake (h)
Postoperative hospital stay (d)
Observation group9272.63 ± 6.880.66 ± 0.1667.58 ± 4.2811.14 ± 1.22
Control group9290.51 ± 6.400.69 ± 0.1777.25 ± 4.6314.78 ± 1.40
t value18.2511.23314.71018.801
P value< 0.0010.219< 0.001< 0.001
Table 4 Comparison of cognitive condition (mean ± SD, points)
Group
Number of cases
Mini-Mental State Examination score
Preoperatively
3 d after surgery
Observation group9227.42 ± 1.0526.77 ± 1.15
Control group9227.33 ± 1.1125.01 ± 1.25
t value0.5659.939
P value0.573< 0.001
Table 5 Comparison of hemodynamic indicators, mean ± SD
Group
Number of cases
HR (times/min)
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
Pulse pressure variability (%)
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
Observation group9266.41 ± 4.5567.25 ± 5.6668.69 ± 4.6068.99 ± 4.0570.11 ± 4.0576.02 ± 4.0578.10 ± 6.2580.01 ± 6.1181.98 ± 6.4083.99 ± 6.24-11.75 ± 1.029.87 ± 0.9812.79 ± 1.138.82 ± 0.76
Control group9266.78 ± 4.2567.05 ± 5.1468.25 ± 4.0568.11 ± 4.1470.25 ± 4.2276.27 ± 5.6077.89 ± 6.1180.25 ± 6.4582.66 ± 6.5284.14 ± 6.66-12.01 ± 1.259.89 ± 0.9414.96 ± 1.359.02 ± 0.77
t value0.5700.2510.6891.4570.2300.3470.2300.2590.7140.1581.5460.14111.8231.773
P value0.5690.8020.4920.1470.8190.7290.8180.7960.4760.8750.1240.888< 0.0010.078
Table 6 Comparison of inflammatory factor levels, mean ± SD
Group
Number of cases
TNF-α (mg/L)
IL-6 (ng/L)
Preoperatively
3 d after surgery
Preoperative
3 d after surgery
Observation group9260.14 ± 4.0332.53 ± 3.0680.25 ± 8.7941.26 ± 4.03
Control group9260.22 ± 4.1438.77 ± 3.1480.36 ± 8.4152.06 ± 4.19
t value0.13313.6510.08717.819
P value0.894< 0.0010.931< 0.001
Table 7 Comparison of oxygen metabolism in brain tissue, mean ± SD
Group
Number of cases
Left rScO2 (%)
Right rScO2 (%)
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
Observation group9272.05 ± 6.2568.41 ± 5.0566.10 ± 6.3170.22 ± 6.3767.08 ± 5.4065.11 ± 4.06
Control group9272.11 ± 6.4564.25 ± 5.1162.08 ± 6.1670.40 ± 6.4964.99 ± 5.1961.78 ± 4.27
t value0.0645.5544.3730.1902.6775.421
P value0.949< 0.001< 0.0010.8500.008< 0.001
Table 8 Comparison of incidence of complications, n (%)
Group
Number of cases
Nausea and vomiting
Wound infection
Pulmonary infection
Urinary system infection
Total incidence
Observation group921 (1.09)1 (1.09)002 (2.17)
Control group922 (2.17)3 (3.26)005 (5.43)
χ20.594
P value0.441