Lone-Star retractor perineal exposure method for laparoscopic abdominal perineal resection of rectal cancer

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics

	LSR group	Control group	Value of statistics	P value
	n = 20	n = 18
Age (year)	67.00 ± 9.11	66.89 ± 9.46	t = 0.037	0.971
Sex, n (%)			F	1.000
Male	14 (70.0)	13 (72.2)
Female	6 (30.0)	5 (27.8)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.19 ± 3.81	22.45 ± 3.62	t = 0.619	0.540
Distance of the tumor from the anal verge (cm)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.75 (3.00, 4.00)	z = 1.634	0.102
Tumor size (cm)	4.25 (3.58, 4.25)	4.00 (3.00, 6.00)	z = 0.266	0.791
Neoadjuvant therapy, n (%)			F	0.606
Yes	3 (15.0)	1 (5.6)
No	17 (85.0)	17 (94.4)
Clinical stage, n (%)			χ2 = 1.826	0.401
I	5 (25.0)	8 (44.4)
II	9 (45.0)	5 (27.8)
III	6 (30.0)	5 (27.8)
IV	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Preoperative comorbidities, n (%)			-	0.516
Yes	12 (60.0)	8 (44.4)
No	8 (40.0)	10 (55.6)
Preoperative hemoglobin	114.05 ± 17.18	120.89 ± 16.26	t = 1.257	0.217
Preoperative prealbumin	256.40 ± 67.50	227.18 ± 59.39	t = 1.410	0.167

F: Fisher’s exact test; LSR: Lone-Star retractor.

Table 2 Surgical outcomes

	LSR group	Control group	Value of statistics	P value
	n = 20	n = 18
First postoperative bowel movement (days)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	z = 0.121	0.904
Total blood loss	75.00 (50.00, 100.00)	100.00 (87.50, 200.00)	z = 1.647	0.100
Perineal blood loss	30.00 (20.00, 50.00)	50.00 (35.00, 132.50)	z = 2.051	0.040
Postoperative hospital length of stay (days)	9.00 (7.00, 11.75)	13.00 (10.00, 17.00)	z = 2.953	0.003
Operation time (minutes)	250.00 ± 68.71	261.94 ± 34.73	t = 0.664	0.511
Perineal operation time (minutes)
Number of harvested lymph nodes	14.05 ± 5.28	12.06 ± 4.76	t = 1.218	0.231
Wound pain score	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	6.00 (4.75, 6.00)	z = 2.914	0.004
Specimen perforation			F	0.474
Yes	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)
No	20 (100.0)	17 (94.4)
Number of people needed for the perineal operation			F	0.000
One	18 (90.0)	0 (0.0)
Two	2 (10.0)	18 (100.0)
Pathological stage, n (%)			χ2 = 2.712	0.258
I	5 (25.0)	9 (50.0)
II	8 (40.0)	4 (22.2)
III	7 (35.0)	5 (27.8)
IV	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
CRM			F	0.474
Positive	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)
Negative	20 (100.0)	17 (94.4)

The bold means statistical significance. CRM: Circumferential resection margin; F: Fisher’s exact test; LSR: Lone-Star retractor.

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative complications

	LSR group	Control group	Value of statistics	P value
	n = 20	n = 18
Overall postoperative complications1, n (%)	2 (10.0)	7 (38.9)	F	0.058
Perineal wound infection	0 (0.0)	5 (27.8)		0.017
Perineal wound dehiscence	0 (0.0)	2 (11.1)		0.218
Pelvic infection	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)		0.474
Intestinal obstruction	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)		0.474
Stoma mucocutaneous separation	1 (5.0)	0 (0.0)		1.000
Pneumonia	1 (5.0)	0 (0.0)		1.000

¹Two patients in the control group had perineal wound infection and dehiscence.

The bold means statistical significance. F: Fisher’s exact test; LSR: Lone-Star retractor.