Burden of gallstone disease in the United States population: Prepandemic rates and trends

Table 1 Number and age-adjusted rates of claims-based prevalence, ambulatory care visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient stays with gallstone disease (all-listed diagnosis) by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and region among persons with commercial insurance in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Number of enrollees	Number of enrollees with disease	Claims-based prevalence (%)	Ambulatory care visits		Emergency department visits		Inpatient stays
				Number	Rate per 100000	Number	Rate per 100000	Number	Rate per 100000
Age (yr)
0 to 11	1151595	74	0.01	166	14	1	0	21	2
12 to 24	1513615	1746	0.12	3130	207	89	6	319	21
25 to 44	2751143	12191	0.44	21940	797	703	26	1884	68
45 to 54	1522133	9860	0.65	16064	1055	773	51	1944	128
55 to 64	1683723	13626	0.81	20042	1190	1966	117	3776	224
65 to 74	2676036	27435	1.03	34291	1281	8425	315	9121	341
75+	2448780	31352	1.28	34847	1423	11055	451	14610	597
Sex
Female	7184225	57525	0.80	83108	1157	12915	180	16716	233
Male	6562800	38759	0.59	47372	722	10097	154	14959	228
Race-ethnicity
White	8855438	61929	0.70	83162	939	15179	171	20686	234
Black	1279712	10245	0.80	12817	1002	2912	228	3663	286
Hispanic	1562580	13974	0.89	20433	1308	2832	181	4140	265
Asian	623622	3392	0.54	4986	800	542	87	928	149
Unknown	1425673	6744	0.47	9082	637	1547	109	2258	158
Region
Northeast	1512196	11049	0.73	14288	945	2738	181	4146	274
Midwest	3262384	19830	0.61	26775	821	5077	156	6714	206
South	5749137	44952	0.78	60159	1046	10882	189	14558	253
West	3223308	20453	0.63	29258	908	4315	134	6257	194
Total	13747025	96284	0.70	130480	949	23012	167	31675	230

Source: Optum Clinformatics^® Data Mart.

Table 2 Number and age-adjusted rates of claims-based prevalence, ambulatory care visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient stays with gallstone disease (all-listed diagnosis) by age, sex, race, and region among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Number of enrollees	Number of enrollees with disease	Claims-based prevalence (%)	Ambulatory care visits		Emergency department visits		Inpatient Stays
				Number	Rate per 100000	Number	Rate per 100000	Number	Rate per 100000
Age (yr)
65 to 69	20237900	308820	1.53	423580	2093	141260	698	61100	302
70 to 74	13266460	267640	2.02	352280	2655	132480	999	58240	439
75 to 79	9036280	222320	2.46	281200	3112	117780	1303	52500	581
80 to 84	5891120	167340	2.84	195480	3318	99660	1692	47100	800
85+	5976720	173720	2.91	173100	2896	126000	2108	58040	971
Sex
Female	29919040	601540	2.01	798340	2668	320720	1072	142000	475
Male	24489440	538300	2.20	627300	2562	296460	1211	134980	551
Race
White	41376760	861180	2.08	1062720	2568	459580	1111	206300	499
Black	4973980	95700	1.92	105460	2120	61140	1229	25640	515
Other	8057740	182960	2.27	257460	3195	96460	1197	45040	559
Region
Northeast	9949240	216300	2.17	274340	2757	111840	1124	48920	492
Midwest	11818160	231920	1.96	279940	2369	130720	1106	57740	489
South	20410320	437300	2.14	550700	2698	233980	1146	109480	536
West	12230760	254320	2.08	320660	2622	140640	1150	60840	497
Total	54408480	1139840	2.09	1425640	2620	617180	1134	276980	509

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Table 3 Number and age-adjusted rates of claims-based prevalence, ambulatory care visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient stays with gallstone disease (all-listed diagnosis) by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and region among Medicaid beneficiaries in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Number of enrollees	Number of enrollees with disease	Claims-based prevalence (%)	Ambulatory care visits		Emergency department visits		Inpatient stays
				Number	Rate per 100000	Number	Rate per 100000	Number	Rate per 100000
Age (yr)
19 to 34	18016135	138819	0.77	169416	940	100163	556	28456	158
35 to 44	8135908	80155	0.99	88679	1090	46780	575	15519	191
45 to 54	6837507	86815	1.27	88868	1300	41658	609	16890	247
55 to 64	6606519	102452	1.55	96526	1461	39721	601	19125	289
Sex
Female	23368766	286708	1.23	341646	1462	170220	728	54372	233
Male	16227303	121533	0.75	101843	628	58102	358	25618	158
Race-ethnicity
White	16266919	173456	1.07	196304	1207	91310	561	30701	189
Black	7392713	62358	0.84	57154	773	37617	509	12727	172
Hispanic	6279192	84023	1.34	95940	1528	54029	860	19315	308
Asian	1800629	13259	0.74	16320	906	4911	273	2202	122
American Indian/Alaska native	571976	7821	1.37	8035	1405	4041	706	2050	358
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	207441	2033	0.98	1940	935	1286	620	378	182
Multiracial/unknown	7077199	65291	0.92	67796	958	35128	496	12617	178
Region
Northeast	8712132	82116	0.94	87273	1002	40923	470	17035	196
Midwest	7836180	80735	1.03	94764	1209	43962	561	13226	169
South	11095989	114258	1.03	115694	1043	64653	583	22782	205
West	11951768	131132	1.10	145758	1220	78784	659	26947	225
Total	39596069	408241	1.03	443489	1120	228322	577	79990	202

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Table 4 Number and age-adjusted rates of ambulatory care visits, emergency department visits, hospital discharges, deaths, and years of potential life lost (to age 75) with gallstone disease (all-listed diagnosis) by age, sex, race, and ethnicity in the United States

Demographic characteristics	Ambulatory care visits (2015)		Emergency department visits (2019)		Hospital discharges (2019)		Mortality (2019)
	Number in thousands	Rate per 100000	Number in thousands	Rate per 100000	Number in thousands	Rate per 100000	Number of deaths	Rate per 100000
Age (yr)
0 to 11	2	4	2	5	2	3	0	0
12 to 24	148	263	95	172	28	51	3	0
25 to 44	565	669	343	392	114	130	61	0.1
45 to 54	467	1084	170	417	75	185	66	0.2
55 to 64	414	1015	190	447	109	256	190	0.5
65 to 74	389	1415	179	570	126	399	307	1.0
75+	218	1080	221	977	171	759	1169	5.2
Sex
Female	1466	870	756	426	356	186	959	0.4
Male	738	418	444	257	269	152	837	0.5
Race
White	1901	691	-	-	508	169	1517	0.5
African American	172	380	-	-	74	166	154	0.4
Other	131	519	-	-	49	190	125	0.5
Hispanic origin
Hispanic	600	1254	-	-	111	223	157	0.4
Not Hispanic	1604	554	-	-	521	159	1639	0.5
Total	2204	642	1200	339	625	168	1796	0.5

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (3-year average, 2014-2016), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample, and Vital Statistics of the United States. The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample does not include information on race-ethnicity.

Table 5 Number and age-adjusted rates of ambulatory and inpatient laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy by age, sex, race, and ethnicity in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Ambulatory				Inpatient
	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002
Age (yr)
0 to 11	720	2	0	0	615	1	395	1
12 to 24	57257	104	83	0.1	20435	37	1020	2
25 to 44	217271	248	365	0.4	74860	86	6005	7
45 to 54	109649	268	294	0.7	40125	98	6485	16
55 to 64	105287	248	301	0.7	47175	111	11440	27
65 to 74	78051	248	246	0.8	48685	155	13585	43
75+	37144	165	168	0.7	47655	211	9995	44
Sex
Female	440796	260	872	0.5	172020	96	22265	11
Male	164542	96	584	0.3	107520	62	26660	15
Race
White	-	-	-	-	232640	82	40298	13
African American	-	-	-	-	27545	61	5485	12
Other	-	-	-	-	21967	82	3626	14
Hispanic origin
Hispanic	-	-	-	-	60436	112	5893	12
Not Hispanic	-	-	-	-	221716	72	43516	13
Total	605379	178	1456	0.4	279550	78	48925	13

¹Laparoscopic.

²Open.

Source: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample and National Inpatient Sample. The Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample does not include information on race-ethnicity.

Table 6 Number and age-adjusted rates of ambulatory and inpatient laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and region among persons with commercial insurance in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Ambulatory				Inpatient
	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002
Age (yr)
0 to 24	1306	49	2	0.1	293	11	10	0
25 to 44	7383	268	22	0.8	1641	60	85	3
45 to 64	10270	320	62	1.9	3059	95	380	12
65+	11646	227	137	2.7	8147	159	1202	24
Sex
Female	20830	290	111	1.5	7410	103	756	11
Male	9775	149	112	1.7	5730	87	921	14
Race-ethnicity
White	20966	237	151	1.7	8406	95	1147	13
Black	2791	218	27	2.1	1339	105	201	16
Hispanic	4125	264	22	1.4	2140	137	168	11
Asian	680	109	7	1.1	382	61	50	8
Unknown	2043	143	16	1.1	873	61	111	8
Region
Northeast	2383	158	22	1.5	1364	90	182	12
Midwest	7787	239	43	1.3	2697	83	413	13
South	14904	259	123	2.1	6277	109	775	14
West	5531	172	35	1.1	2802	87	307	10
Total	30605	223	223	1.6	13140	96	1677	12

¹Laparoscopic.

²Open.

Source: Optum Clinformatics^® Data Mart.

Table 7 Number and age-adjusted rates of ambulatory and inpatient laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy by age, sex, race, and region among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Ambulatory				Inpatient
	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002
Age (yr)
65 to 69	44920	222	240	1.2	23360	115	4060	20
70 to 74	31080	234	300	2.3	21260	160	3380	26
75 to 79	19840	220	-	-	17720	196	2480	27
80 to 84	9640	164	-	-	12600	214	1840	31
75+	5280	88	-	-	11060	185	1760	29
Sex
Female	68280	228	460	1.5	43220	145	5780	19
Male	42480	174	460	1.9	42780	175	7740	32
Race
White	89580	217	740	1.8	64800	157	10480	25
Black	6380	128	-	-	6200	125	1160	23
Other	14800	184	-	-	15000	186	1880	23
Region
Northeast	15480	156	-	-	12720	128	2480	25
Midwest	25100	212	280	2.4	17620	149	3020	26
South	49260	241	280	1.4	36280	178	5860	29
West	20920	171	-	-	19380	159	2160	18
Total	110760	204	920	1.7	86000	158	13520	25

¹Laparoscopic.

²Open.

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 5% file. Counts less than 200 are not reported.

Table 8 Number and age-adjusted rates of ambulatory and inpatient laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and region among Medicaid beneficiaries in the United States, 2019

Demographic characteristics	Ambulatory				Inpatient
	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002	Number in thousands1	Rate per 1000001	Number in thousands2	Rate per 1000002
Age (yr)
19 to 34	48231	268	-	-	19107	106	712	4.0
35 to 44	22854	281	-	-	9345	115	704	8.7
45 to 54	17784	260	-	-	8105	119	950	13.9
55 to 64	14468	219	-	-	7698	117	1235	18.7
Sex
Female	84647	362	-	-	33167	142	1825	7.8
Male	18690	115	-	-	11088	68	1776	10.9
Race-ethnicity
White	52396	322	252	1.5	17112	105	1690	10.4
Black	11598	157	-	-	6005	81	600	8.1
Hispanic	17567	280	-	-	11268	179	484	7.7
Asian	1892	105	-	-	1182	66	-	-
American Indian/Alaska native	2173	380	-	-	1038	182	-	-
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	459	221	-	-	233	112	-	-
Multiracial/unknown	17252	244	-	-	7417	105	631	8.9
Region
Northeast	17392	200	-	-	8986	103	617	7.1
Midwest	25378	324	-	-	7661	98	887	11.3
South	33066	298	237	2.1	11824	107	1133	10.2
West	27501	230	-	-	15784	132	964	8.1
Total	103337	261	521	1.3	44255	112	3601	9.1

¹Laparoscopic.

²Open.

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Counts less than 200 are not reported.