Early postoperative complications after transverse colostomy closure, a retrospective study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics, n (%)

Characteristics	No. (n = 102)
Age, yr	57.7 ± 12.7
Sex
Male	61 (59.8)
Female	41 (40.2)
BMI, kg/m2	22.4 ± 3.2
Smoking	42 (41.2)
Drinking	36 (35.3)
Hypertension	21 (20.6)
T2DM	9 (8.8)
Pre-operative hemoglobin, g/L	129.6 ± 17.4
Pre-operative albumin, g/L	42.4 ± 4.4
Interval from transverse colostomy to reversal, month	7.3 ± 4.5
Methods of anastomosis
End-to-end anastomosis	25 (24.5)
End-to-side anastomosis	27 (26.5)
Side-to side anastomosis	50 (49.0)
Operation time	132.8 ± 64.0
Blood loss	43.8 ± 46.7
Hospital stay	9.4 ± 9.7
Complications	30 (29.4)

Variables are expressed as the mean ± SD, n (%). BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 The causes of transverse colostomy, n (%)

Characteristics	No. (n = 102)
CRC related causes	70 (68.6)
Perforation of CRC	1 (1.0)
Obstruction of CRC	4 (3.9)
Anastomotic leakage after CRC surgery	33 (32.4)
Prophylactic transverse colostomy after CRC surgery	30 (29.4)
Rectovaginal fistula after CRC surgery	1 (1.0)
Anastomotic bleeding after CRC surgery	1 (1.0)
Other related causes	32 (31.4)
Colorectal benign tumors	3 (2.9)
Perforation because of trauma	16 (15.7)
Rectovesical fistula	6 (5.9)
Obstruction	7 (6.8)

CRC: Colorectal cancer.

Table 3 Complications of the included patients, n (%)

Characteristics	No. (n = 30)
Grade I-II complications	26 (86.7)
Pulmonary infection	4 (13.3)
Abdominal infection	3 (10.0)
Incision infection	14 (46.7)
Anastomotic leakage	1 (3.3)
Ileus	2 (6.7)
Bleeding	2 (6.7)
≥ Grade III complications	4 (13.3)
Anastomotic leakage	2 (6.7)
Ileus	2 (6.7)

Table 4 Comparison between the complication group and the no complication group, n (%)

Characteristics	Complications (n = 30)	No complications (n = 72)	P value
Age, yr	58.3 ± 11.3	57.5 ± 13.3	0.756
Sex			0.677
Male	17 (56.7)	44 (61.1)
Female	13 (43.3)	28 (38.9)
BMI, kg/m2	22.3 ± 2.9	22.4 ± 3.3	0.85
Smoking	12 (40.0)	30 (41.7)	0.876
Drinking	13 (43.3)	23 (31.9)	0.273
Hypertension	6 (20.0)	15 (20.8)	0.924
T2DM	2 (6.7)	7 (9.7)	1
Pre-operative hemoglobin, g/L	126.9 ± 20.0	130.7 ± 16.2	0.322
Pre-operative albumin, g/L	41.5 ± 4.1	42.8 ± 4.5	0.174
Interval from transverse colostomy to reversal, month	7.8 ± 6.2	7.1 ± 3.6	0.452
Methods of anastomosis			0.633
End-to-end anastomosis	8 (26.7)	27 (37.5)
End-to-side anastomosis	6 (20.0)	21 (29.7)
Side-to side anastomosis	16 (53.3)	24 (33.3)
Operation time	133.0 ± 57.3	132.7 ± 67.0	0.979
Blood loss	47.4 ± 54.9	42.3 ± 43.1	0.617
Hospital stay	15.4 ± 16.0	6.9 ± 2.7	< 0.01a

^aP value < 0.05.

Variables are expressed as the mean ± SD, n (%). BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 5 Univariate logistic regression analysis of overall complications and incision infection

Risk factors	Univariate analysis of overall complications		Univariate analysis of incision infection
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age, yr	1.005 (0.972-1.040)	0.754	0.977 (0.935-1.021)	0.296
Sex (male/female)	1.202 (0.507-2.850)	0.677	0.802 (0.248-2.593)	0.713
BMI, Kg/m2	0.987 (0.862-1.129)	0.848	0.988 (0.827-1.182)	0.898
Hypertension (yes/no)	0.950 (0.329-2.742)	0.924	1.061 (0.267-4.206)	0.933
T2DM (yes/no)	0.663 (0.130-3.394)	0.622	0.769 (0.089-6.669)	0.812
Smoking (yes/no)	0.933 (0.392-2.223)	0.876	2.118 (0.676-6.636)	0.198
Drinking (yes/no)	1.629 (0.679-3.911)	0.275	2.034 (0.652-6.349)	0.221
Pre-operative hemoglobin, g/L	0.988 (0.964-1.012)	0.320	0.989 (0.958-1.021)	0.509
Pre-operative albumin, g/L	0.934 (0.847-1.031)	0.175	0.957 (0.843-1.086)	0.494
Operation time, min	1.000 (0.993-1.007)	0.979	0.995 (0.984-1.007)	0.413
Blood loss, mL	1.002 (0.993-1.011)	0.614	0.995 (0.980-1.010)	0.528
Interval from transverse colostomy to reversal, month	1.035 (0.946-1.133)	0.454	1.033 (0.926-1.153)	0.562
Methods of anastomosis (Side-to side/end-to-side/end-to-end)	1.046 (0.622-1.761)	0.864	1.664 (0.734-3.774)	0.223

OR: Odds ratio; BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.