Pre-operative visceral adipose tissue radiodensity is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker for early endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn’s disease

Table 1 Cohort demographics (n = 139)

	Total (n = 139)
Mean age (years, SD)	39.1 (17.1)
Female, n (%)	66 (47.5)
European Ancestry, n (%)	121 (88.3)
Mean disease duration, (months, SD)	151.8 (136.3)
Mean body mass index (kg/m2, SD)	23.3 (4.8)
Active smoking, n (%)	6 (4.4)
Disease location, n (%)
Ileal (L1)	61 (43.9)
Ileocolonic (L3)	78 (56.1)
Upper GI (L4)	12 (8.6)
Disease behavior, n (%)
Non-fibrostenosing, non-penetrating (B1)	7 (5.1)
Fibrostenosing (B2)	54 (39.2)
Internal penetrating (B3)	35 (25.4)
Stricturing and internal penetrating (B2/3)	42 (30.4)
Perianal disease, n (%)	23 (16.5)
Pre-operative medication, n (%)
None	33 (23.7)
Corticosteroid	48 (34.5)
5-aminosalicylic acid	21 (15.1)
Immunomodulator	32 (23.0)
Biologic	73 (52.5)
Prior surgery, n (%)	39 (28.1)
Post-operative prophylaxis, n (%)	120 (86.3)
5-aminosalicylic acid	7 (5.8)
Immunomodulator	23 (19.2)
Biologic	94 (78.3)

SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Multivariate regression of radiographic mesenteric parameters associated with early endoscopic post-operative recurrence and severity of endoscopic post-operative recurrence

	Early endoscopic POR	Severity of endoscopic POR
	aOR (95%CI)	aOR (95%CI)
VAT volume (cm3)	1.23 (0.78-1.95)	1.08 (0.72-1.53)
VAT:SAT volume	0.80 (0.53-1.20)	0.80 (0.56-1.14)
VAT Radiodensity (HU)	0.59 (0.38-0.90)	0.60 (0.42-0.87)
VAT:SAT Radiodensity	8.54 (1.48-49.28)	6.26 (1.43-27.42)
Severe vasa recta engorgement	1.53 (0.64-3.66)	1.61 (0.75-3.46)
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy	1.59 (0.67-3.79)	2.10 (0.99-4.47)

Adjusted age at surgery, sex, time from Crohn’s disease (CD) diagnosis to surgery, internal penetrating disease behavior, post-operative prophylaxis status, and prior CD-related surgery. VAT: Visceral adipose t issue; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; POR: Post-operative recurrence; HU: Hounsfield units; aOR: Adjusted odds ratios; CI: Confidence interval.