Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2024; 16(11): 3445-3452
Published online Nov 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i11.3445
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the two groups before percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, mean ± SD
Variables
Early LC group (n = 32)
Delayed LC group (n = 36)
P value
Sex (male/female)18/1420/160.954
Age (years)65.4 ± 15.262.1 ± 17.30.823
BMI (kg/m2)25.26 ± 4.2824.36 ± 3.190.428
Etiology (with/without stone)30/235/10.486
Grade of AC (II/III)14/1823/130.096
CCI (< 4/≥ 4)15/1714/220.506
ASA-PS class (< 3/≥ 3)12/2016/200.561
Time from symptom onset to PTGBD (days)8.9 ± 1.19.2 ± 1.30.748
Table 2 Indications for percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage catheterization in the patient groups, n (%)
Indications
Early LC group
Delayed LC group
P value
Septic shock 14 (43.8)12 (33)0.378
Gallbladder perforation10 (31.3)11 (30.6)0.951
Progressive abdominal pain5 (15.6)8 (22.2)0.490
Persistent high fever2 (6.3)3 (8.3)0.743
Sepsis1 (3.1)2 (5.6)0.626
Cardiovascular dysfunction5 (15.6)7 (19.4)0.680
Neurological dysfunction0 (0)1 (2.7)0.342
Respiratory dysfunction6 (18.8)11 (30.6)0.262
Liver or kidney dysfunction8 (25)5 (13.0)0.245
Coagulation disorders1 (3.1)0 (0)0.285
Table 3 Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage catheterization complications in the patient groups, n (%)
Complications
Early LC group
Delayed LC group
P value
Catheter detachment 2 (6.3)1 (2.8)0.486
Bile leakage2 (6.3)2 (5.6)0.903
Biliary peritonitis1 (3.1)1 (2.8)0.933
Infection0 (0.0)1 (2.8)0.342
Hemorrhage 1 (3.1)0 (0.0)0.285
Table 4 Surgical outcomes between the two groups of patients after PTGBD, mean ± SD
Outcome measures
Early LC group (n = 32)
Delayed LC group (n = 36)
P value
LC surgery time (minute)108.3 ± 14.290.2 ± 12.2< 0.001
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)15.4 ± 5.116.0 ± 4.30.474
Operation (LC/ laparotomy)21/1132/40.021
Degree of adhesions (mild/severe)20/1233/30.004
Number of complications920.012
Surgical site infection310.248
Bile leakage210.486
Hemorrhage200.128
Pulmonary infection100.285
Hyperamylasemia 100.285
Abdominal drainage tube placement time (day)1.9 ± 0.72.0 ± 0.70.378
Postoperative hospital stay9.1 ± 4.13.0 ± 0.9< 0.001
PTGBD drainage tube placement time (day)10.8 ± 1.619.8 ± 4.0< 0.001
Pain index (0-10)3.3 ± 1.33.7 ± 1.10.083
Patient satisfaction (%)80.5 ± 11.585.3 ± 9.80.028
Total disease duration (day)32.1 ± 5.333.2 ± 5.10.125
Total treatment costs (Yuan)23570.9 ± 4996.121144.7 ± 2065.50.002