Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress scoring system for predicting complications following abdominal surgery: A meta-analysis spanning 2004 to 2022

Table 1 Basic information of the included literature

Ref.	Country	Institution	Prescription	Journal	Surgical site	Sample size	Sex (M/F)	Age	Elderly	CRS cutoff
Abe et al[19], 2014	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	Dig Surg	Gastrointestinal	73	51/22	66.0 ± 9.0	Yes	0.5
Banz et al[20], 2009	Switzerland	Single-center	Prospective	World J Surg	Liver	243	131/112	61.0 ± 10.5	No	0.5
Dai et al[21], 2022	China	Single-center	Retrospective	Transl Cancer Res	Liver	236	199/37	59.73 ± 11.0	No	0.126
Hayashi et al[16], 2021	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci	Pancreas	343	153/190	71.0 ± 2.3	No	0.5
Kasap et al[22], 2022	Turkey	Single-center	Retrospective	Int Urol Nephrol	Abdominal	424	248/176	49.1 ± 15.3	No	-0.2996
Kondo et al[23], 2020	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	J Anus Rectum Colon	Colorectal	145	72/73	87.8 ± 2.0	Yes	-0.058
Murakami et al[24], 2020	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	Dig Surg	Gastrointestinal	136	94/42	80.1 ± 4.01	Yes	0.2802
Nanashima et al[11], 2011	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	J Surg Oncol	Liver	188	152/36	65.1 ± 9.5	Yes	0.5
Tominaga et al[25], 2016	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	Int J Colorectal Dis	Colorectal	239	118/121	77.86 ± 5.57	Yes	0.2
Yamamoto et al[26], 2020	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	Dig Surg	Colorectal	166	91/75	80.2 ± 4.5	Yes	0.05
Hashimoto et al[7], 2010	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	Surg Today	Pancreas	46	19/27	63.5 ± 13.4	No	0.43
Koushi et al[27], 2011	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	Surg Today	Gastrointestinal	51	30/21	64.1 ± 14.0	No	0.5
Haga et al[28], 2004	Japan	Multi-center	Prospective	Surgery	Gastrointestinal	5212	2730/2482	65.0 ± 16.2	No	0.5
Kato et al[29], 2022	Japan	Multi-center	Retrospective	Int J Surg	Colorectal	2407	1377/1030	69.63 ± 11.36	No	-0.025
Nakanishi et al[30], 2022	Japan	Multi-center	Retrospective	Surg Today	Gastrointestinal	2495	1790/705	67.73 ± 9.996	No	0.4179
Norimatsu et al[31], 2022	Japan	Single-center	Prospective	World J Surg	Hepatobiliary pancreas	184	118/66	75.8 ± 1.0	Yes	0.049
Oka et al[32], 2005	Japan	Single-center	Retrospective	World J Surg	Gastrointestinal	156	98/58	62.14 ± 9.29	No	0.5

CRS: Comprehensive risk score.

Table 2 Summary of subgroup analysis in comprehensive risk score and comparison with or without postoperative complications

Subgroup	Classification	Studies	MD (95%CI)	Subgroup I2	Subgroup effect (P value)	Subgroup overall I2
Sample size	< 100	3	0.51 (0.48-0.54)	95%	< 0.0001	99.6%
	100-200	4	0.12 (0.08-0.16)	0	< 0.0001
	≥ 200	4	0.14 (0.12-0.16)	85%	< 0.0001
Country	Japan	9	0.19 (0.04-0.34)	98%	0.01	0
	Non-Japan	3	0.18 (0.05-0.31)	88%	0.005
Influence factor	< 2.0	3	0.19 (0.09-0.28)	92%	< 0.0001	0
	≥ 2.0	9	0.19 (0.02-0.36)	98%	0.03
Surgical site	Gastrointestinal tract	6	0.13 (0.07-0.19)	57%	< 0.0001	0
	Hepatobiliary pancreas	5	0.24 (0.02-0.46)	99%	0.03
Age	Elderly	5	0.12 (0.08-0.15)	0%	< 0.0001	97.7%
	Non-elderly	7	0.25 (0.23-0.26)	99%	< 0.0001
CRS cut-off	< 0.5	7	0.20 (0.03-0.37)	98%	0.02	0
	≥ 0.5	5	0.14 (0.07-0.22)	55%	< 0.0001

CRS: Comprehensive risk score; MD: Mean difference; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of postoperative complications in the high comprehensive risk score group and the low comprehensive risk score group

Subgroup	Classification	Studies	OR (95%CI)	Subgroup I2	Subgroup effect (P value)	Subgroup overall I2
Institutions quantity	Single-center	7	3.29 (1.83-5.93)	72%	< 0.0001	0
	Multi-center	3	2.57 (1.08-6.10)	99%	0.03
Time span	Retrospective	7	2.62 (1.75-3.94)	81%	< 0.0001	0
	Prospective	3	3.51 (1.26-9.75)	92%	0.02
Sample size	< 100	5	3.68 (1.91-7.08)	60%	< 0.0001	0
	≥ 200	5	2.59 (1.32-5.10)	97%	0.006
Influence factor	< 3.0	5	2.71 (1.61-4.56)	92%	0.0002	0
	≥ 3.0	5	3.25 (1.39-7.58)	64%	0.006
Operation site	Gastrointestinal	6	3.30 (1.73-6.29)	96%	0.0003	0
	Non-gastrointestinal	4	2.61 (1.12-6.07)	80%	0.03
CRS cut-off	< 0.5	5	2.54 (1.67-3.84)	82%	< 0.0001	0
	≥ 0.5	5	3.24 (1.45-7.22)	88%	0.004

CRS: Comprehensive risk score; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.