Value of enhanced computed tomography in differentiating small mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal from smooth muscle tumours

Table 1 Gastric mesenchymal and smooth muscle tumours on plain gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound

Clinical parameters	Intragastric mesenchymal tumour	Smooth muscle tumour
Male	24 (48.0)	22 (44.0)
Female	26 (52.0)	28 (56.0)
Age, yr	50.5 ± 14.0a	57.9 ± 9.5
Location, %
Cardia	0	1 (2.0)
Gastric base	26 (52.0)	12 (24.0)
Gastric body	18 (36.0)	11 (22.0)
Gastric sinus	9 (18.0)	2 (4.0)
Diameter, mm	16.2 ± 9.9a	9.7 ± 5.0
Level of origin, %
Mucosal muscle layer	2 (3.8)	1 (2.0)
Inherent muscle layer	48 (96.0)	25 (50.0)
Indicated ulcers, %
Yes	6 (12.0)	2 (4.0)
None	47 (94.0)	24 (48.0)
Echo characteristics, %
Low echo	50 (100)	47 (94.0)
Waiting for an echo	0	1 (2.0)
High echo		0
Echo uniformity, %
Uniformity	25 (49.1)a	50 (100)
Non-homogeneous	27 (50.0)a	0

^aP < 0.05 compared with the gastric mesenchymal tumour group.

Table 2 Comparison of tumour marker levels among the three groups (mean ± SD)

Group	n	CEA (ng/mL)	CA19-9 (ng/mL)	CA-125 (kU/L)	AFP (ng/mL)	CYFRA21-1 (U/mL)
Gastric mesenchymal tumour group	50	1.53 ± 0.24	9.32 ± 2.18	44.34 ± 10.67	5.46 ± 1.18	8.17 ± 1.57
Gastric smooth muscle tumour group	50	0.67 ± 0.15a	8.37 ± 1.81a	41.56 ± 8.74	5.03 ± 0.86	7.44 ± 1.69
Control group	50	1.04 ± 0.18a,b	6.45 ± 1.39a,b	39.67 ± 7.98	5.29 ± 0.74	7.67 ± 1.88
F value		198.507	25.753	2.608	2.100	1.888
P value		0.000	0.000	0.078	0.127	0.156

^aP < 0.05 compared with the gastric mesenchymal tumour group.

^bP < 0.05 compared with the gastric smooth muscle group.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CA-125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CYFRA21-1: Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1.

Table 3 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels for the diagnosis of gastric mesenchymal tumour

Indicators	Area under the curve	Standard error	P value	95%CI	Optimal cut-off value	Sensitivity	Specificity
CEA	0.879	0.036	0.000	0.808-0.950	1.145	0.850	0.675
CA19-9	0.782	0.050	0.000	0.684-0.880	8.880	0.600	0.800

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.