Utilization of deep neuromuscular blockade combined with reduced abdominal pressure in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: An academic perspective

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data

Factors	Control group (n = 45)	Observation group (n = 58)	χ2 value	P value
Age (yr)			0.287	0.591
≥ 65	21	24
< 65	24	34
Gender			1.059	0.303
Male	25	38
Female	20	20
BMI (kg/m2)			0.069	0.791
≥ 23	19	26
< 23	26	32
ASA classification			0.142	0.931
Grade I	15	19
Grade II	22	27
Grade III	8	12
Past medical history
Hypertension	25	22	3.173	0.074
Diabetes mellitus	15	17	0.191	0.661
Clinical stages			0.341	0.558
Phase I	22	25
Phase II	23	33
Tumor diameter			0.234	0.628
≥ 5 cm	12	18
< 5 cm	33	40

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Comparison of Leiden-surgical rating scale scores between patients during and after skin incision

Group	Before operation	60 min	At abdominal closure after operation
Control group (n = 45)	4.55 ± 0.93	4.46 ± 0.85	4.60 ± 0.53
Observation group (n = 58)	4.34 ± 0.47	4.32 ± 0.80	4.48 ± 0.78
t value	1.878	1.244	1.422
P value	0.063	0.216	0.158

Table 3 Comparison of visual analogue scale scores between patients before and after operation

Group	8 h	24 h	48 h
Control group (n = 45)	2.88 ± 1.01	1.48 ± 0.96	1.02 ± 0.63
Observation group (n = 58)	2.91 ± 0.94	1.08 ± 0.82	0.75 ± 0.43
t value	0.133	2.280	2.538
P value	0.894	0.024	0.012

Table 4 Comparison of driving pressure between patients during operation (p/cmH₂O)

Group	5 min after intubation	5 min after establishment of pneumoperitoneum	60 min after establishment of pneumoperitoneum	After recovery of the pneumoperitoneum deflation to horizontal level
Control group (n = 45)	10.08 ± 2.33	18.21 ± 3.80	19.58 ± 4.51	12.11 ± 3.71
Observation group (n = 58)	10.50 ± 1.65	15.12 ± 3.20	16.04 ± 3.09	11.59 ± 2.81
t value	1.210	5.183	5.415	0.856
P value	0.229	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.393

Table 5 Statistics of adverse post-anesthetic recovery room-associated respiratory events

Group	Upper respiratory tract obstruction	Mild to moderate hypoxia	Severe hypoxia	Respiratory distress	Total incidence rate
Control group (n = 45)	3	3	3	2	11
Observation group (n = 58)	2	1	2	1	6
χ2 value					3.655
P value					0.055