Recent advances in computerized imaging and its vital roles in liver disease diagnosis, preoperative planning, and interventional liver surgery: A review

Table 1 Selected fully automatic liver segmentation algorithms[28]

Ref.	Key techniques	Dataset	Accuracy
Kumar et al[29], 2013	Region growing	Proprietary	98% ± 1%
Chen et al[30], 2012	AAM, graph cut	SLIVER07	93.5% ± 1.8%
Huang et al[31], 2016	Template matching (SBLDA)	3D-IRCADb	92.16% ± 2.95%
Wu et al[32], 2016	Linear clustering, graph cut	SLIVER07	75.2%-71.4%
Mohamed et al[33], 2017	Bayesian model	Proprietary	95.5%
Zheng et al[34], 2022	DL (CNN, C-LSTM)	SLIVER07	82.5% ± 7.7%

Citation: Le DC, Chansangrat J, Keeratibharat N, Horkaew P. Symmetric Reconstruction of Functional Liver Segments and Cross-Individual Correspondence of Hepatectomy. Diagnostics 2021; 11: 852. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by MDPI. The authors have obtained the permission for data using (Supplementary material).

Table 2 Selected semiautomatic liver segmentation algorithms[28]

Ref.	Key techniques	Dataset	Accuracy
Chen et al[44], 2009	Quasi-Monte Carlo	Proprietary	NA
Yang et al[41], 2014	Level set	SLIVER07	78.9%
Liao et al[45], 2016	Graph cut	SLIVER07	94.2% ± 3.3%
Lu et al[46], 2017	3D CNN, graph cut	3D-IRCADb	90.64% ± 3.34%
Chartrand et al[43], 2017	Deformable model	SLIVER07	92.38% ± 1.35%
Le et al[23], 2021	Mixture model, graph cut	SLIVER07	92.2% ± 1.5%

NA: Not available. Citation: Le DC, Chansangrat J, Keeratibharat N, Horkaew P. Symmetric Reconstruction of Functional Liver Segments and Cross-Individual Correspondence of Hepatectomy. Diagnostics 2021; 11: 852. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by MDPI. The authors have obtained the permission for data using (Supplementary material).

Table 3 Sensitivity (in percent) of focal liver tumor detection

Ref.	CT	MRI	CEUS
Langella et al[81], 2019	-	75.1	94.5
Huf et al[82], 2017	-	91.4	90
Niekel et al[83], 2010	83.6	88.2	-
Kessel et al[78], 2012	69.9	85.7	-
Yang et al[63], 2010	83.2	-	-

CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Table 4 Average proportion (in percent) of functional segment groups[115]

Ref.	Lobe level		Sectional level		Anterior	Posterior
	Left	Right	Lateral	Medial
Huang et al[106], 2008	39	61	14.1	24.7	39.3	21.9
Ruskó et al[112], 2013	32	68	12.2	20	40.2	27.6
Chen et al[108], 2016	45	55	26.7	18.1	23.3	32
Butdee et al[113], 2017	40	60	17.9	22.1	29.4	30.6
Le et al[11], 2021	32	68	13.3	19.2	30	37.5

Citation: Le DC, Chansangrat J, Keeratibharat N, Horkaew P. Functional Segmentation for Pre-operative Liver Resection Based on Hepatic Vascular Networks. IEEE Access 2021; 9: 15485-15498. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by IEEE. The authors have obtained the permission for data using (Supplementary material).