Identification of multiple risk factors for colorectal cancer relapse after laparoscopic radical resection

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data, n (%)

Criteria	Relapse group (n = 30)	Non-relapse group (n = 110)	Statistical values (χ2/t)	P value
Gender
Male	20 (66.67)	60 (54.55)	0.414	0.234
Female	10 (33.33)	50 (45.45)
Age (year)
≥ 60	18 (60.00)	70 (63.64)	0.134	0.715
< 60	12 (40.00)	40 (36.36)
TNM stage
Ⅰ-Ⅱ	15 (50.00)	65 (59.09)	0.796	0.372
Ⅲ-Ⅳ	15 (50.00)	45 (40.91)
Differentiation
Low	25 (83.33)	23 (20.91)	40.768	< 0.001
Medium/high	5 (16.67)	87 (79.09)
Tumor maximum diameter (cm)
≥ 5	20 (66.67)	65 (59.09)	0.567	0.451
> 5	10 (33.33)	45 (40.91)
Lesion location
Rectum	24 (80.00)	25 (22.73)	33.986	< 0.001
left/right hemicolon	6 (20.00)	85 (77.27)
Lymphatic vascular invasion
Present	22 (73.33)	20 (18.18)	34.141	< 0.001
Absent	8 (26.67)	90 (81.82)
Postoperative adjuvant therapy
Not done or incomplete	15 (50.00)	60 (54.55)	χ2 = 0.196	0.658
Complete	15 (50.00)	50 (45.45)
Pathological type
Glandular cancer	10 (33.33)	30 (27.27)	0.951	0.622
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	8 (26.67)	25 (22.73)
Indian cell carcinoma	12 (40.00)	55 (50.00)
Infiltration depth
T1 + T2	18 (60.00)	70 (63.64)	0.134	0.715
T3 + T4	12 (40.00)	40 (36.36)
Immune indicators
CD4+/CD8+	1.02 ± 0.26	1.48 ± 0.38	6.236	< 0.001
IgG (g/L)	4.14 ± 0.60	5.72 ± 0.94	8.722	< 0.001
IgA (g/L)	0.50 ± 0.08	0.69 ± 0.14	7.111	< 0.001
IgM (g/L)	0.68 ± 0.22	0.95 ± 0.32	4.344	< 0.001
NLR	4.18 ± 0.95	3.42 ± 0.55	5.636	< 0.001
AGR	1.60 ± 0.40	1.98 ± 0.36	0.003	< 0.001
Tumor indicators
CYFRA21-1 (ng/mL)	4.78 ± 0.52	3.25 ± 0.35	13.369	< 0.001
VEGF (ng/L)	190.12 ± 50.25	140.12 ± 42.25	4.171	< 0.001
PNI	40.75 ± 2.02	43.21 ± 2.18	4.534	< 0.001
YKL-40 (ng/mL)	104.25 ± 20.52	78.95 ± 15.25	5.420	< 0.001

TNM: Tumor node metastasis; Ig: Immunoglobulins; NLR: Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio; AGR: Albumin-globulin ratio; CYFRA21-1: Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; YKL-40: Inflammatory biomarker Chitinase-3-like protein 1.

Table 2 Assignment of the main independent variables

Independent variable	Variable type	Assignment condition
Degree of differentiation	Dichotomous	1 = low differentiation, 0 = medium and high differentiation
Lesion location	Dichotomous	1 = rectum, 0 = left and right hemicolon
Lymphatic vascular invasion	Dichotomous	1 = presence, 0 = absence
CD4+/CD8+	Continuous	-
IgG	Continuous	-
IgA	Continuous	-
IgM	Continuous	-
AGR	Continuous	-
NLR	Continuous	-
CYFRA21-1	Continuous	-
VEGF	Continuous	-
PNI	Continuous	-
YKL-40	Continuous	-

TNM: Tumor node metastasis; Ig: Immunoglobulins; NLR: Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio; AGR: Albumin-globulin ratio; CYFRA21-1: Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; YKL-40: Inflammatory biomarker Chitinase-3-like protein 1.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of variables affecting colorectal cancer relapse after laparoscopic radical resection

Correlative factor	β	Standard error	Wald	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Degree of differentiation	2.940	0.543	29.300	< 0.001	18.913	6.523-54.835
Lesion location	2.610	0.510	26.192	< 0.001	13.600	5.005-36.953
Lymphatic vascular invasion	2.516	0.481	27.330	< 0.001	12.375	4.819-31.780
CD4+/CD8+	3.794	0.810	21.936	< 0.001	44.438	9.083-217.423
IgG	2.770	0.537	26.597	< 0.001	15.955	5.568-45.712
IgA	3.438	0.721	14.386	< 0.001	32.975	8.889-642.800
IgM	3.292	0.846	15.145	< 0.001	26.883	5.123-141.065
AGR	2.728	0.675	16.332	< 0.001	15.305	4.076-57.474
NLR	1.567	0.355	19.491	< 0.001	4.792	2.390-9.608
CYFRA21-1	8.672	2.245	14.921	< 0.001	5838.165	71.654-475674.916
VEGF	0.024	0.005	19.752	< 0.001	1.025	1.014-1.036
PNI	0.531	0.117	20.459	< 0.001	1.700	1.351-2.140
YKL-40	0.081	0.016	26.151	< 0.001	1.084	1.051-1.119

TNM: Tumor node metastasis; Ig: Immunoglobulins; NLR: Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio; AGR: Albumin-globulin ratio; CYFRA21-1: Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; YKL-40: Inflammatory biomarker Chitinase-3-like protein 1.