Optimizing surgical outcomes for elderly gallstone patients with a high body mass index using enhanced recovery after surgery protocol

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics of study participants

Characteristic	ERAS group (n = 99)	Non-ERAS group (n = 99)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	69.5 ± 3.6	69.4 ± 3.0	0.746
Gender, male, n (%)	49 (49.5)	46 (46.5)	0.670
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	29.3 ± 1.2	29.1 ± 1.4	0.276
Underlying diseases, n (%)	20 (20.2)	25 (25.3)	0.386
Surgical procedure (laparoscopic/open)	85/14	83/16	0.692
Preoperative hunger score, n (%)			0.052
0	41 (41.4)	25 (25.3)
1	49 (49.5)	61 (61.6)
2	9 (9.1)	13 (13.1)
Preoperative hospitalization time (d)	2.4 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.8	0.223
Preoperative fasting time (h)	4.0 ± 0.9	7.6 ± 0.9	< 0.001

SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.

Table 2 Comparison of surgical process indexes and postoperative recovery

Characteristic	ERAS group (n = 99)	Non-ERAS group (n = 99)	P value
Surgical duration (min)	81.27 ± 23.17	82.97 ± 24.13	0.614
The incision length (cm)	10.33 ± 2.84	10.46 ± 2.81	0.744
Blood loss (mL)	93.52 ± 28.64	93.68 ± 24.39	0.966
No. of drainage tubes, n (%)			0.754
0	37 (37.4)	32 (32.3)
1	30 (30.3)	33 (33.3)
2	32 (32.3)	34 (34.3)
Extubation time (h)	39.72 ± 18.00	40.96 ± 18.61	0.634
Postoperative complication rate, n (%)	5 (5.1)	10 (13.1)	0.048
Length of hospital stay (d)	4.62 ± 1.01	5.51 ± 1.15	< 0.001
Postoperative pain score at 6 h	1.96 ± 1.11	2.21 ± 0.82	0.07
Postoperative pain score at 24 h	3.43 ± 1.19	4.43 ± 1.21	< 0.001
Postoperative 6-h hunger score			< 0.001
0	45	32
1	51	35
2	3	32
Satisfaction (%)	98.42 ± 1.13	93.72 ± 2.76	< 0.001

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.

Table 3 Comparison of rehospitalization rate and postoperative scores for nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, and activities of daily living, n (%)

Characteristic	ERAS group (n = 99)	Non-ERAS group (n = 99)	P value
Rehospitalization rate	3 (3.0)	8 (8.1)	0.12
PONV at 6 h			0.322
0	43 (43.4)	49 (49.5)
1	40 (40.4)	30 (30.3)
2	16 (16.2)	20 (20.2)
PONV at 24 h			0.005
0	39 (39.4)	32 (32.3)
1	50 (50.5)	39 (39.4)
2	10 (10.1)	28 (28.3)
Postoperative bloating score at 6 h			0.178
0	40 (40.4)	53 (53.5)
1	52 (52.5)	41 (41.4)
2	7 (7.1)	5 (5.1)
Postoperative bloating score at 24 h			0.006
0	47 (47.5)	34 (34.3)
1	38 (38.4)	32 (32.3)
2	14 (14.1)	33 (33.4)
ADL score	85.75 ± 5.83	83.87 ± 6.72	0.037

RAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery; PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting score; ADL: Activities of daily living.