Impact of parenchyma-preserving surgical methods on treating patients with solid pseudopapillary neoplasms: A retrospective study with a large sample size

Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort stratified by surgical method

	Total (n = 166)	CM (n = 133)		PPM (n = 33)	P value
Female, n (%)	129 (77.7)	106 (77.4)		23 (69.7)	0.16
Age (yr), median (range)	32.5 (10-68)	32.0 (10-68)	33 (13-51)		0.85
Symptoms, n (%)
Accidentally found	104 (62.7)	83 (62.4)	21 (63.6)		0.84
Abdominal pain	53 (31.9)	43 (32.3)	10 (30.3)		0.75
Abdominal distension	6 (3.6)	5 (3.8)	1 (3.0)		0.8
Nausea and vomiting	2 (1.2)	1 (0.8)	1 (3.0)		0.49
Jaundice	1 (0.6)	1 (0.8)	0 (0)		0.32
Hospital stay (d) ± SD	12.53 ± 6.87	12.35 ± 6.21	13.3 ± 9.14		0.49
Total expense (yuan) ± SD	46248 ± 25414	44213 ± 20487	54084 ± 38551		0.21

SD: Standard deviation; CM: Conventional method; PPM: Parenchyma preserving method.

Table 2 Intraoperative index and pathological outcomes of the study cohort stratified by surgical method

	Total (n = 166)	CM (n = 133)	PPM (n = 33)	P value
Intraoperative index
Surgical approach, n (%)				0.126
laparotomy	139 (80.1)	108 (81.2)	31 (93.9)
laparoscopic	13 (7.8)	11 (8.3)	2 (6.1)
Robot	14 (8.4)	14 (10.5)	0 (0)
Surgeon experiences, mean (yr)	19.3	19.0	19.5	0.85
Operation duration, median (range)	135 (27-381)	135 (27-381)	120 (50-301)	0.71
Intraoperative bleeding volume, median (± SD)	200 (0-2000)	200 (0-2000)	100 (50-600)	0.488
Pathological outcomes
Median size (mm), median (range)	40 (3.5-140)	45 (3.5-140)	32 (17-140)	0.069
Tumor location, n (%)				0.001a
Head	69 (41.6)	46 (34.6)	23 (69.7)
Body	19 (11.4)	15 (11.3)	4 (12.1)
Tail	17 (10.2)	17 (12.8)	0 (0)
Multiple sites	64 (38.6)	55 (41.4)	6 (18.2)
Ki67 index, n (%)				0.53a
I	141 (84.9)	115 (86.5)	26 (78.8)
II	22 (13.3)	16 (12.0)	6 (18.2)
III	3 (1.8)	2 (1.5)	1 (3.0)
Peripheral tissue invasion, n (%)	18 (10.8)	15 (11.3)	3 (9.1)	0.426
Positive margin status, n (%)	12 (7.2)	10 (7.5)	2 (6.0)	0.283

^aThe P value was based on overall comparison between 2 groups. SD: Standard deviation; CM: Conventional method; PPM: Parenchyma preserving method.

Table 3 Short-term and long-term outcomes of the study cohort stratified by surgical method

	Total (n = 166)	CM (n = 133)	PPM (n = 33)	P value
Short-term complications
Overall perioperative complication, n (%)	33 (19.9)	27 (20.3)	6 (18.2)	0.79
Severe POPF	6 (3.6)	5 (3.8)	1 (3.0)	0.85
delayed gastric emptying	3 (1.8)	3 (2.3)	0 (0)	0.56
abdominal infection	13 (7.8)	12 (9.0)	1 (3.0)	0.43
Bleeding	5 (3.0)	3 (2.3)	2 (6.0)	0.26
Pancreatitis	2 (1.2)	2 (1.5)	0 (0)	0.49
Multiple complications	4 (2.4)	2 (1.5)	2 (6.0)	0.18
Severe perioperative complication, n (%)	9 (5.4)	7 (5.3)	2 (6.0)	1.0
Long-term follow-up data
Recurrence, n (%)	6 (3.6)	4 (3.0)	2 (6.0)	0.39
Local	4 (2.4)	3 (2.3)	1 (3.0)
Distant	2 (1.2)	1 (0.8)	1 (3.0)
Alimentary stricture, n (%)	6 (3.6)	5 (3.7)	1 (3.0)	1.0
Endocrine insufficiency, n (%)	7 (4.2)	6 (4.5)	1 (3.0)	1.0
Exocrine insufficiency, n (%)	30 (18.1)	29 (21.8)	1 (3.0)	0.024

CM: Conventional method; PPM: Parenchyma preserving method; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula.