Functional transition: Inconsistently parallel to the increase in future liver remnant volume after preoperative portal vein embolization

Table 1 Patient characteristics at baseline (n = 33)

Characteristics	n
Age (yr), mean (range)	67.7 (40-80)
Men/women	20/13
HBsAg positivity, n (%)	3 (9.0)
HCV positivity, n (%)	2 (6.1)
Diagnosis, n (%)
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma	20 (60.6)
Hepatoma	6 (18.2)
Gallbladder cancer	3 (9.1)
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	2 (6.1)
Metastatic tumor	2 (6.1)
Child-Pugh score (5/6/7/8), n	23/7/1/2
Child-Pugh classification (A/B), n	30/3
ICGR15 (%), mean (range)	10.1 (1.5-33.2)
Preoperative biliary drainage, n (%)	17 (51.5)
Initial resection ratio (%), mean ± SD	64.5 ± 5.48
Initial CT volume of FLR (mL), mean ± SD	410.9 ± 79.4
Average time between PVE and operation, d (range)	30.0 (15-94)
Type of hepatectomy, n (%)
Right hepatectomy + caudal lobectomy	19 (57.6)
Right hepatectomy	9 (27.3)
Left trisectionectomy + caudal lobectomy	4 (12.1)
Left hepatectomy + caudal lobectomy	1 (3.0)
Biliary reconstruction, n (%)	24 (72.7)

HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ICGR15: Indocyanine green retention at 15 min; SD: Standard deviation; CT: Computed tomography; FLR: Future liver remnant; PVE: Portal vein embolization.

Table 2 Comparison of the initial liver function, future liver remnant volume, and functional future liver remnant volume between the groups with and without preoperative biliary drainage

	Group with preoperative biliary drainage (n = 17)	Group without preoperative biliary drainage (n = 16)	P value
ICGR15 (%), mean ± SD	9.09 ± 5.0	11.2 ± 7.2	0.28
Initial resection ratio (%), mean ± SD	64.6 ± 6.36	64.4 ± 4.57	0.692
Initial FLRV (mL), mean ± SD	403.8 ± 88.6	418.4 ± 70.3	0.402
Initial FFLRV (mL), mean ± SD	366.4 ± 118.7	384.0 ± 92.7	0.601
FLRV at 1 wk (mL), mean ± SD	515.7 ± 100.9	515.0 ± 101.1	0.914
FFLRV at 1 wk (mL), mean ± SD	592 ± 114.0	583.0 ± 101.0	0.986
FLRV at 2 wk (mL), mean ± SD	550.1 ± 86.6	561.1 ± 114.5	0.958
FFLRV at 2 wk (mL), mean ± SD	640.0 ± 105.8	613.0 ± 96.6	0.382

ICGR₁₅: Indocyanine green retention at 15 min; SD: Standard deviation; FLRV: Future liver remnant volume; FFLRV: Functional future liver remnant volume.

Table 3 Comparison of the background factors between the functional future liver remnant volume superior group and future liver remnant volume superior group

	FFLRV superior group (n = 30)	FLRV superior group (n = 3)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	67.4 ± 9.1	69.7 ± 9.5
Gender
Male, n (%)	18 (60.0)	2 (66.7)
Female, n (%)	12 (40.0)	1 (33.3)
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD	21.8 ± 3.5	23.4 ± 7.0
Comorbidity (n)	Diabetes (5), hypertension (3), dyslipidemia (1), COPD (1), alcoholism (1), angina (1), lacunar infarction (1)	Diabetes (1), fatty liver (1), alcoholism (1)
HBV/HCV infection (n)	3/1	0/1
Child-Pugh score, mean ± SD	5.4 ± 0.9	5.7 ± 0.6
ICGR15 (%), mean ± SD	10.4 ± 6.3	7.2 ± 2.0
Initial resection ratio (%), mean ± SD	64.3 ± 5.6	66.8 ± 4.4
Initial FLRV (mL), mean ± SD	405.4 ± 79.0	466.3 ± 73.2

Functional future liver remnant volume (FFLRV) superior group included the patients without FFLRV decrease below the future liver remnant volume (FLRV) at 2 wk after PVE. FLRV superior group included the patients with FFLRV decrease below the FLRV at 2 weeks after PVE. SD: Standard deviation; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ICGR₁₅: Indocyanine green retention at 15 min; FLRV: Future liver remnant volume; FFLRV: Functional future liver remnant volume.