Laparoscopy for Crohn's disease: A comprehensive exploration of minimally invasive surgical techniques

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Variable	Laparoscopy (n = 100)	Laparotomy (n = 20)	P value
Age, yr, mean (range)	40.0 (19-71)	41.0 (19-72)	NS
Gender, male	71	14	NS
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD	19.08 ± 2.60	20.88 ± 3.70	NS
Smoking history, n (%)	25 (25.0)	6 (30.0)	NS
ASA class, n (%)			NS
I	18 (18.0)	3 (15.0)
II	70 (70.0)	12 (60.0)
III	12 (12.0)	5 (25.0)
Crohn’s duration, mo, mean ± SD (range)	76.2 ± 56.0 (1-240)	59.1 ± 52.8 (1-144)	NS
Past medical history, n (%)
Enterectomy	32 (32.0)	3 (15.0)	NS
Anal fistula	19 (19.0)	3 (15.0)	NS
Appendicectomy	13 (13.0)	1 (5.0)	NS
Others	18 (18.0)	2 (10.0)	NS
Indications for resection, n (%)
Enterostenosis	50 (50.0)	5 (25.0)	NS
Intestinal obstruction	42 (42.0)	4 (20.0)	NS
Intraperitoneal abscess	13 (13.0)	2 (10.0)	NS
Fistula	36 (36.0)	7 (35.0)	NS
Intestinal perforation	4 (4.0)	5 (25.0)	P < 0.05
Hematologic examination
WBC (/L)	6.4 ± 2.69	9.59 ± 6.50	NS
CRP (mg/L)	36.3 ± 44.23	56.49 ± 72.47	NS
ESR (mm)	33.0 ± 20.22	29.0 ± 20.43	NS
ALB (g/L)	38.1 ± 6.56	38.99 ± 6.82	NS
Hb (g/L)	116.0 ± 21.32	125.6 ± 26.89	NS
PLT (/L)	298.0 ± 115.10	272.1 ± 226.50	NS
PT (s)	12.5 ± 1.28	13.90 ± 6.37	NS
APTT (s)	31.4 ± 5.73	35.1 ± 20.03	NS

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; WBC: White blood cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALB: Albumin; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelets; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; NS: Not significant.

Table 2 Operative and pathologic data

Variable	Laparoscopy (n = 100)	Laparotomy (n = 20)	P value
Operative time, min	149.0 ± 43.8 (70-300)	159.2 ± 40.0 (90-260)	NS
Estimated blood loss, mL	103.3 ± 80.42 (20-400)	169.5 ± 100.42 (50-400)	P < 0.05
Extent of surgery, n (%)
Ileal resection	13 (13.0)	5 (25.0)	NS
Ileo-colic resection	70 (70.0)	11 (55.0)	NS
Colonic resection	15 (15.0)	3 (15.0)	NS
En bloc resection with pelvic organ	2 (2.0)	1 (5.0)	NS
Intestinal resection with temporary stoma	49	5	NS
Levels of abdominal adhesion			NS
Level 0	19	2
Level 1	17	3
Level 2	43	8
Level 3	15	5
Level 4	6	2
Clinicopathologic features
Stricture	50	5	NS
Proximal dilatation	43	4	NS
Fistula	36	7	NS
Intestinal perforation	4	5	P < 0.05

NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Short-term (30-d) outcomes

Variable	Laparoscopy (n = 100)	Laparotomy (n = 20)	P value
Days to
Flatus, d, mean ± SD (range)	2.8 ± 0.8 (1-4)	3.5 ± 0.7 (2-5)	P < 0.05
Soft diet, d, mean ± SD (range)	4.2 ± 2.4 (2-8)	6.2 ± 2.0 (3-12)	P < 0.05
Total postoperative complication, n (%)	8 (8.0)	3 (15.0)	NS
Anastomotic hemorrhage	1	0
Anastomotic leakage	1	0
Ileus	0	0
Intraabdominal abscess	0	0
Pelvic effusion	2	0
Wound infection	2	2
Urinary tract infection	0	1
Reoperation	1	0
Readmission after discharge	1	0	NS
Length of stay, d, mean ± SD (range)	9.1 ± 3.9 (4-36)	11.0 ± 1.6 (9-15)	P < 0.05
Cost (RMB)	72534.6	75032.6	NS

NS: Not significant.