Acute esophageal necrosis: A systematic review and pooled analysis

Table 1 Clinicopathological features

Clinicopathological features
Gender		Σ = 114
	Male	83	72.8%
	Female	31	27.2%
Age (yr)	62.1 ± 16.1	114
Admission symptoms		Σ = 113
	Bleeding	96	85.0%
	Peptic	29	25.7%
	Pain	33	29.2%
	Other symptom	27	23.9%
Medical history		Σ = 110
	Cardiopulmonary	52	47.3%
	Diabetes	40	36.4%
	Alcohol	31	28.2%
	Kidney	17	15.5%
	Liver	19	17.3%
	Other	61	55.5%
Clinical findings		Σ = 38
	Shock	11	28,9%
	Malnutrition	1	2.6%
	AKI	3	7.9%
	Other	24	63.2%
Involvement of esophagus (relative to GEJ)		Σ = 98
	Upper	33	33.7%
	Middle	63	64.3%
	Lower	91	92.9%

AKI: Acute kidney injury; GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction.

Table 2 Treatment modalities, follow-up

Treatment modalities
Intervention		Σ = 114
	Yes	28	24.6%
	No	86	75.4%
Management		Σ = 105
	Conservative	79	75.2%
	Surgical	11	10.5%
	Endoscopic	13	12.4%
	Endoscopic + surgical	2	1.9%
Follow-up endoscopy	Yes	67	58.8%
Complications	Yes	14	12.3%
Death	Yes	32	29.9%
FUP (overall; mean; SD)	66.2 ± 101.8	90	90/114
FUP (dead; mean; SD)	16.6 ± 21.8	23	23/32
FUP (alive; mean; SD)	82.9 ± 113.2	65	65/75

FUP: Follow up; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 3 Endoscopic intervention

Endoscopic intervention
Modalities	n (%)
Stenting	1 (7.5)
Savary dilatations	1 (7.5)
Balloοn dilatations	11 (85)
Total	13

Table 4 Univariate logistic regression for complications

		OR	LCI	HCI	P value
Gender	Male	0.95	0.83	1.09	0.45
	Female				(ref)
Age	+1 yr	0.990	0.957	1.025	0.553
Admission symptoms	Bleeding	0.60	0.16	2.91	0.48
	Peptic	3.50	1.09	11.30	0.03
	Pain	2.00	0.61	6.29	0.24
	Other symptom	0.86	0.18	3.04	0.83
	None				(ref)
Medical history	Cardiac	0.63	0.18	1.95	0.43
	Diabetes mellitus	1.46	0.45	4.53	0.52
	Alcohol abuse	1.08	0.28	3.54	0.90
	Kidney diseases	0.94	0.14	3.94	0.94
	Liver diseases	3.41	0.94	11.49	0.05
	Other	0.85	0.27	2.66	0.78
Clinical findings	Malnutrition	0.87	0.44	1.74	0.70
	AKI	0.87	0.58	1.30	0.50
	Other	1.15	0.77	1.73	0.50
Involvement of esophagus (to GEJ)	Upper	2.67	0.74	9.99	0.13
	Middle	0.97	0.27	3.94	0.96
	Lower	1.13	0.88	1.44	0.33
Intervention	Yes	11.39	3.41	45.44	< 0.01
	No				(ref)
Management	Conservative				(ref)
	Surgical	1.25	1.03	1.51	0.02
	Endoscopic	1.4	1.17	1.66	< 0.01
	Endoscopic + surgical	2.58	1.7	3.93	< 0.01

OR: Odds ratio; LCI: Lower confidence interval; HCI: Higher confidence interval; AKI: Acute kidney injury; GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction.

Table 5 Univariate logistic regression for death

		OR	LCI	HCI	P value
Gender	Male	0.99	0.40	2.58	0.99
	Female				(ref)
Age	+1 yr	1.02	0.99	1.05	0.30
Admission symptoms	Bleeding	1.33	0.42	5.09	0.64
	Peptic	0.72	0.26	1.85	0.51
	Pain	0.31	0.10	0.84	0.03
	Other symptom	0.83	0.29	2.15	0.70
	None				(ref)
Medical history	Cardiac	1.06	0.46	2.44	0.88
	Diabetes mellitus	0.81	0.32	1.92	0.64
	Alcohol abuse	0.80	0.30	2.01	0.65
	Kidney diseases	2.34	0.75	7.21	0.13
	Liver diseases	1.47	0.50	4.10	0.47
	Other	0.55	0.23	1.26	0.16
Clinical findings	malnutrition	0.75	0.30	1.87	0.54
	AKI	1.05	0.61	1.83	0.85
	Other	0.95	0.55	1.65	0.85
Involvement of esophagus (to GEJ)	Upper	0.57	0.20	1.49	0.27
	Middle	0.59	0.24	1.49	0.26
	Lower	1.37	0.91	2.08	0.13
Intervention	Yes	0.63	0.21	1.69	0.38
	No				(ref)
Management	Conservative				(ref)
	Surgical	0.96	0.71	1.30	0.79
	Endoscopic	0.77	0.59	1.00	0.06
	Endoscopic + surgical	0.71	0.29	1.75	0.46

OR: Odds ratio; LCI: Lower confidence interval; HCI: Higher confidence interval; AKI: Acute kidney injury; GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction.