Effects of auricular vagus nerve stimulation with press needles plus Zusanli moxibustion on patients with colorectal cancer postoperatively

Figure 1  Schematic diagram of treatment.

Figure 2 Gastrointestinal hormones. A: Comparison of changes in gastrin; B: Comparison of changes in motilin. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs groups. GAS: Gastrin; MTL: Motilin.

Figure 3 Serum inflammatory markers. A: Comparison of changes in C-reactive protein; B: Comparison of changes in interleukin-6; C: Comparison of changes in tumor necrosis factor-α. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs groups. CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Figure 4 Quality of life. A: Comparison of changes in physical functioning; B: Comparison of changes in bodily pain; C: Comparison of changes in role-emotional; D: Comparison of changes in social functioning; E: Comparison of changes in mental health before; F: Comparison of changes in general health before. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs groups.