Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery-based early mobilization on gastrointestinal recovery after intestinal tuberculosis surgery

Figure 1 Quality of life and functional status assessment over time. Modified Barthel Index (solid lines) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores (dashed lines) were assessed at four time points: Preoperative, postoperative day 3, postoperative day 7, and at discharge. Both scores declined postoperatively and gradually recovered in both groups, but the intervention group (green) demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group (orange) at all postoperative time points (P < 0.05). KPS scores at discharge were available only for the KPS assessment. Data are presented as mean values. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group. KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status.

Figure 2 Pain management and sleep quality outcomes comparing enhanced recovery after surgery-based early mobilization vs traditional approaches. Visual Analog Scale pain scores (solid lines, left Y-axis) were assessed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (dashed lines, right Y-axis) were assessed on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. The intervention group (green) demonstrated consistently lower Visual Analog Scale pain scores and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores than the control group (orange) at all time points (all P < 0.05), indicating superior pain control and better sleep quality with the enhanced recovery after surgery-based protocol. Both groups showed a progressive decline in pain and improvement in sleep quality over time. Data are presented as mean values. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^bP < 0.01 vs control group. VAS: Visual Analog Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.