Laparoscopic surgery for severe appendicitis in children: An effect and safety analysis

Figure 1 Analysis of inflammatory markers. A: Interleukin-6 changes pre-operation and post-operation; B: Pre-operative and post-operative alterations in interleukin-8; C: C-reactive protein changes before and after surgery. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs the pre-operative level; ^cP < 0.05 vs control. IL: Interleukin; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Figure 2 Stress response of the two groups. A: Epinephrine changes pre-operation and post-operation; B: Pre-operative and post-operative alterations in norepinephrine; C: Cortisol changes before and after surgery. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs the pre-operative level; ^cP < 0.05 vs control. EPI: Epinephrine; NE: Norepinephrine; Cor: Cortisol.

Figure 3 Gastrointestinal hormone indexes of the two groups. A: Motilin changes pre-operation and post-operation across groups; B: Pre-operative and post-operative alterations in gastrin. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs the pre-operative level; ^cP < 0.05 vs control. MTL: Motilin; GAS: Gastrin.