Efficacy and safety of thermal ablation for large hepatic caudate lobe hemangioma

Figure 1 Microwave ablation of a 6. 4 cm hepatic Spiegel lobe hemangioma. A-C: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a 6.4 cm hepatic caudate lobe hemangioma (Spiegel lobe); D-F: Expose the hepatic hemangioma and perform microwave ablation; G-I: Follow-up abdominal contrast-enhanced CT at 3 months postoperatively.

Figure 2 Laparoscopic intratumoral resection facilitated by coagulation of a 7. 0 cm hepatic Spiegel lobe hemangioma. A: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a 7.0 cm hepatic hemangioma in the Spiegel lobe; B: Expose the hemangioma in the hepatic Spiegel lobe; C and D: The resection margin was on the hemangioma about 1.0 cm away from the boundary between the normal liver parenchyma and the tumor. Ablation-induced coagulation was performed along the resection margin by percutaneously introducing a microwave antenna under direct visualization; E and F: The hepatic hemangioma was dissected along the coagulation-marked resection margin using a harmonic scalpel; G: The hemangioma was removed, and a 1.0-cm band of ablation-coagulated hemangioma was left in place; H: The ablation antenna was used to achieve hemostasis on the resection surface of the hepatic hemangioma; I: Contrast-enhanced CT shows that the hemangioma was completely resected without residual tissue.

Figure 3 Percutaneous computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of a 6. 5 cm hepatic paracaval portion hemangioma. A: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a hepatic caudate lobe hemangioma of 6.5 cm in paracaval portion of the caudate lobe; B: CT image showing radiofrequency needle within the lesion, lesion approached through the right intercostal approach; C: Follow-up CT at 1 month showed that the hemangioma was significantly smaller than before and had no enhancement.

Figure 4 Line chart showing changes in hepatic caudate lobe hemangioma diameter.