Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing extraperitoneal and transperitoneal routes of colostomy-related complications

Figure 1  Literature screening process.

Figure 2 Forest plot of operation time and blood loss. A: Operation time; B: Blood loss after laparoscopic approach. EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.

Figure 3 Forest plot of parastomal hernia after laparoscopic approach, stoma retraction, and parastomal hernia after open approach. A: Parastomal hernia after laparoscopic approach; B: Stoma retraction after laparoscopic approach; C: Parastomal hernia after open approach. EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.

Figure 4 Forest plot of prolapse and mucocutaneous separation. A: Prolapse; B: Mucocutaneous separation after laparoscopic approach. EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.

Figure 5 Forest plot of infection and edema. A: Infection; B: Edema after laparoscopic approach. EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.

Figure 6 Forest plot of necrosis and ischemia. A: Necrosis; B: Ischemia. EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.

Figure 7 Quality assessment of included studies. A: Graph depicting the risk of bias by presenting the authors’ assessments of each bias item as a percentage across all included studies; B: A summary of the bias assessments, detailing the authors' evaluations of each bias item for each study included in the review.

Figure 8 Funnel plot. A: Necrosis; B: Ischemia. OR: Odds ratio.