Nonsurgical periodontal-therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis

doi:10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.213

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. May 15, 2017; 8(5): 213-221
Published online May 15, 2017. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.213

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of case and control group

Sociodemographic character		Case	Control	P value
Age (mean ± SD)		41.33 ± 6.63	41.93 ± 5.77	0.710
Gender (% within the group)	Male	26.7	40	0.412
Gender (% within the group)	Female	73.3	60	0.412
Socioeconomic status (% within the group)	APL	73.3	50	0.110
Socioeconomic status (% within the group)	BPL	26.7	50	0.110

APL: Above poverty line; BPL: Below poverty line.

Table 2 Baseline periodontal parameters of case and control group (mean ± SD)

Parameters	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P value
	Case group	Control group
MGI	1.55 ± 0.37	1.53 ± 0.28	0.723
PI	1.05 ± 0.24	1.03 ± 0.23	0.871
CI	1.95 ± 0.45	2.11 ± 0.48	0.173
BOP (%)	60.37 ± 13.66	64.87 ± 11.61	0.175
PPD (mm)	3.27 ± 0.29	3.24 ± 0.27	0.694
Sites with PPD ≤ 3 mm (%)	60.86 ± 12.22	64.85 ± 8.24	0.143
Sites with PPD 4-6 mm (%)	37.03 ± 11.05	34.05 ± 8.06	0.238
Sites with PPD ≥ 7 mm (%)	1.75 ± 2.28	1.01 ± 1.46	0.142
CAL (mm)	2.95 ± 0.49	3.03 ± 0.59	0.567
Sites with CAL 1-2 mm (%)	40.58 ± 11.72	41.16 ± 17.16	0.879
Sites with CAL 3-4 mm (%)	42.79 ± 7.76	41.41 ± 10.77	0.573
Sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm (%)	15.81 ± 10.60	17.67 ± 13.32	0.552

MGI: Modified gingival index; PI: Plaque index; CI: Calculus index; BOP: Bleeding on probing; PPD: Probing pocket depth; CAL: Clinical attachment level.

Table 3 Baseline systemic parameters of case and control group (mean ± SD)

Parameters	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P value
	Case group	Control group
FBG (mg/dL)	107.53 ± 9.44	103.17 ± 7.84	0.060
HbA1c (%)	5.96 ± 0.17	5.97 ± 0.19	0.836
TC (mg%)	206.80 ± 38.60	191.83 ± 26.15	0.084
TG (mg%)	130 ± 51.12	129.67 ± 38.98	0.977
HDL (mg%)	44 ± 9.40	43.70 ± 4.23	0.597
LDL (mg%)	135.53 ± 35.45	122.30 ± 23.33	0.093
VLDL (mg%)	25.90 ± 10.26	25.83 ± 7.85	0.970

FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HBA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein.

Table 4 Change in periodontal parameters of case group from base line to fourth month after non surgical periodontal therapy

Parameters	Baseline	At fourth month	P value
MGI	1.55 ± 0.37	0.42 ± 0.09	0.000^a
PI	1.05 ± 0.24	0.30 ± 0.08	0.000^a
CI	1.95 ± 0.45	0.22 ± 0.11	0.000^a
BOP (%)	60.37 ± 13.66	19.98 ± 4.35	0.000^a
PPD (mm)	3.27 ± 0.29	2.70 ± 0.24	0.000^a
Sites with PPD ≤ 3 mm (%)	60.86 ± 12.22	82.75 ± 10.28	0.000^a
Sites with PPD 4-6 mm (%)	37.03 ± 11.05	16.73 ± 10.00	0.000^a
Sites with PPD ≥ 7 mm (%)	1.75 ± 0.73	0.47 ± 0.29	0.000^a
CAL(mm)	2.95 ± 0.49	2.48 ± 0.46	0.000^a
Sites with CAL 1-2 mm (%)	40.58 ± 11.72	56.17 ± 16.73	0.000
Sites with CAL 3-4 mm (%)	42.79 ± 7.76	34.80 ± 13.49	0.003^a
Sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm (%)	15.81 ± 10.60	8.65 ± 7.81	0.000^a

^aP value ≤ 0.05. MGI: Modified gingival index; PI: Plaque index; CI: Calculus index; BOP: Bleeding on probing; PPD: Probing pocket depth; CAL: Clinical attachment loss.

Table 5 Change in systemic parameters from baseline and to fourth month after non surgical periodontal therapy in case group (mean ± SD)

Parameters	Baseline	At fourth month	P value
FBG (mg/dL)	107.53 ± 9.44	103.63 ± 9.48	0.018^a
HBA1c (%)	5.96 ± 0.19	5.74 ± 0.22	0.000^a
TC (mg%)	206.80 ± 38.60	202.63 ± 41.30	0.343
TG (mg%)	130.00 ± 51.12	127.30 ± 55.52	0.598
HDL (mg%)	44.70 ± 9.40	45.87 ± 6.71	0.404
LDL (mg%)	135.53 ± 35.45	129.60 ± 33.71	0.112
VLDL (mg%)	25.90 ± 10.26	25.24 ± 11.15	0.512

^aP value ≤ 0.05. FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HBA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein.

Table 6 Mean difference (mean ± SD) in periodontal parameters from baseline to fourth month re-evaluation for case and control group

Parameters	Mean difference in case group	Mean difference in control group	P value
MGI	1.13 ± 0.32	-0.006 ± 0.02	0.000^a
PI	0.75 ± 0.21	-0.0003 ± 0.014	0.000^a
CI	1.73 ± 0.43	-0.017 ± 0.05	0.000^a
BOP (%)	40.39 ± 13.48	-0.41 ± 0.77	0.000^a
PPD (mm)	0.56 ± 0.16	-0.01 ± 0.006	0.000^a
Sites with PD ≤ 3 mm (%)	-21.89 ± 10.10	0.08 ± 0.46	0.000^a
Sites with PD 4-6 mm (%)	20.29 ± 10.10	0.05 ± 0.54	0.000^a
Sites with PD ≥ 7 mm (%)	1.28 ± 1.75	-0.054 ± 0.20	0.000^a
CAL (mm)	0.47 ± 0.19	-0.001 ± 0.019	0.000^a
Sites with CAL 1-2 mm (%)	-15.59 ± 11.53	0.078 ± 0.42	0.000^a
Sites with CAL 3-4 mm (%)	7.99 ± 13.25	0.093 ± 0.43	0.000^a
Sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm (%)	7.16 ± 4.79	-0.13 ± 0.36	0.000^a

^aP value ≤ 0.05. MGI: Modified gingival index; PI: Plaque index; CI: Calculus index; BOP: Bleeding on probing; PPD: Probing pocket depth; CAL: Clinical attachment loss.

Table 7 Mean difference (mean ± SD) in systemic parameters from baseline to fourth month re-evaluation for case and control group

Parameters	Mean difference in case group	Mean difference in control group	P value
FBG (mg/dL)	3.90 ± 8.48	-1.66 ± 6.04	0.005^a
HBA1c (%)	0.22 ± 0.11	-0.056 ± 0.10	0.000^a
TC (mg%)	4.16 ± 23.66	-6.43 ± 16.38	0.048^a
TG (mg%)	2.70 ± 27.71	4.50 ± 27.65	0.802
HDL (mg%)	-1.16 ± 7.54	0.00 ± 3.05	0.436
LDL (mg%)	5.93 ± 19.81	-7.16 ± 16.02	0.007^a
VLDL (mg%)	0.65 ± 5.38	0.96 ± 5.50	0.824

^aP value ≤ 0.05. FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HBA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol.

Citation: Joseph R, Sasikumar M, Mammen J, Joseraj MG, Radhakrishnan C. Nonsurgical periodontal-therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. World J Diabetes 2017; 8(5): 213-221
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v8/i5/213.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.213