Association of genetic variants with diabetic nephropathy

Table 1 Gene variants associated with diabetic nephropathy

Gene category	Gene name	Gene variant symbol	Location	Phenotype	Ref.
Growth factors	Insulin-like growth factor 1	IGF-1	12q23.2	Type 1 DN	[3]
	IGF-binding protein 1	IGFBP1	7p14	Type 2 DN	[67]
	Transforming growth factor-β receptor II	TGF β R2	3p24.1	Type 1 DN	[3]
	TGF-β receptor III	TGF β R3	1p22.1	Type 1 DN	[3]
Matrix metalloproteinases and dipeptidases	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	TIMP3	22q12.3	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Matrix metalloproteinase 9	MMP9	20q13.12	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Carnosinase	CNDP1	18q22.3	Type 2 DN	[68,69]
Transcription factors	Transcription factor 2, hepatic	HNF1B1/TCF2	17q12	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Neuropilin 1	NRPI	10p11.22	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Protein kinase C β 1	PRKCBI	16p12.1	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Upstream transcription factor 1	USFI	1q23.3	Type 1 DN	[3]
Other genes	Engulfment and cell motility factor	ELMO1	7p14	Type 2 DN	[70-72]
	Cytochrome b, α polypeptide	p22phox	16q24.3	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Glutathione peroxidase 1	GPXI	3p21.3	Type 1 DN	[3]
	B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (bcl-2)	BCL2	18q21.33	Type 1 DN	[3]
	Aquaporin 1	AQP1	7p14.3	Type 1 DN	[3]