Peri-colonoscopy hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: Temporal patterns and asymptomatic presentation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients who experienced hypoglycaemia (n = 159), mean ± SD/n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variable	Value
Demographics
Age (years)	58.2 ± 10.5
Male	91 (57.2)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.5 ± 3.1
Diabetes-related characteristics
Diabetes duration (years)	11 (5-18)
HbA1c [% (mmol/mol)]	8.6 ± 2.3 (70 ± 25)
Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL)	1.02 (0.51-1.69)
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	88.8 ± 19.8
Microvascular complications
Diabetes-related retinopathy	58 (36.5)
Diabetes-related neuropathy	85 (53.5)
Diabetes-related nephropathy	19 (11.9)
Antihyperglycaemic medications
Insulin	96 (60.4)
Metformin	50 (31.4)
SGLT2 inhibitor	38 (23.9)

BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; SGLT2: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

Table 2 Temporal distribution and incidence rates of hypoglycaemic events across five clinical phases (n = 181), n (%)

Clinical phase	Events	pt-h	Incidence per 1000 pt-h	Asymptomatic (%)	Level 2 (%)	Mean glucose (mmol/L)
Early bowel preparation (20:00-06:00)1	44 (24.3)	8510	5.17	70.5	9.1	3.46
Late bowel preparation (06:00 to start of colonoscopy)	24 (13.3)	5582	4.30	41.7	8.3	3.49
Immediate post-colonoscopy (0-6 hours)	27 (14.9)	3894	6.93	33.3	7.4	3.55
Early post-colonoscopy (6-24 hours)	49 (27.1)	9864	4.97	59.2	14.3	3.43
Delayed post-colonoscopy (> 24 hours)	37 (20.4)	14682	2.52	51.4	13.5	3.45
Total	181 (100)	42532	4.26	54.1	11.0	3.47

¹The early bowel preparation window (20:00-06:00) corresponds to the early bowel preparation period on the night before colonoscopy.

pt-h: Patient-hours (total at-risk time contributed by all participants within each phase).