Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy across different diabetes phenotypes

doi:10.4239/wjd.119328

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2026; 17(6): 119328
Published online Jun 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.119328

Table 1 Role of comorbidities and systemic factors

Factors	Impact on diabetic retinopathy
Hypertension	Accelerates microvascular damage
Dyslipidemia	Promotes exudate formation
Obesity	Enhances inflammation
Chronic kidney disease	Reflects systemic microangiopathy

Full Size Table

Table 2 Phenotype-specific pathophysiological differences

Mechanism	T1DM	T2DM	LADA	MODY
Insulin deficiency	Absolute	Relative	Progressive	Variable
Insulin resistance	Minimal	Prominent	Moderate	Minimal
Inflammation	Moderate	High	Moderate	Low-moderate
Onset of diabetic retinopathy	Delayed	Often early	Intermediate	Variable

T1DM: Type 1 diabetes; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes; LADA: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; MODY: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

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Citation: Rastogi A, Khamesra A. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy across different diabetes phenotypes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(6): 119328
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i6/119328.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.119328

Rastogi A, Khamesra A. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy across different diabetes phenotypes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(6): 119328 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.119328]

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