Risk factors for carotid plaque in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The need for more extensive data

Table 1 Summary of risk factors associated with carotid plaque in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Classification	Category	Risk factors
Traditional	-	Older age, male sex, a longer time living with diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, irrational diet
Non-traditional	Glycemic metabolism	Glycated hemoglobin A1c, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, glycemic variability (coefficient of variation), reduced time in range
	Lipid metabolism	Triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, meteorin-like protein
	Chronic inflammation	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 beta, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
	Oxidative stress	Specific oxysterols
	Renal dysfunction	Serum creatinine, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate
	Others	Serum uric acid, uric acid-to-albumin ratio, fibroblast growth factor 23