Post vitrectomy alterations of retinal microcirculation in complicated diabetic retinopathy with and without silicone oil

doi:10.4239/wjd.122682

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2026; 17(10): 122682
Published online Oct 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.122682

Table 1 General characteristics of the patients in the three groups

Variable	Air group (A, n = 34)	SO group (B, n = 24)	SOR group (C, n = 20)	P (A vs B)	P (B vs C)
Sex (M/F)	19/15	12/12	9/11	0.794	1.000
Age (years)	49.8 ± 8.1	50.6 ± 8.7	50.8 ± 10.3	0.734	0.944
Duration of DM (years)	9.2 ± 2.5	9.6 ± 3.2	9.5 ± 2.7	0.605	0.910
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	7.0 ± 0.5	7.3 ± 0.8	7.3 ± 0.9	0.113	0.702
Glycated hemoglobin A1c (%)	7.1 ± 0.7	7.2 ± 1.1	7.5 ± 1.2	0.665	0.384
IOP (mmHg)	15.8 ± 2.4	16.8 ± 2.8	16.1 ± 2.7	0.160	0.372
Axial length (mm)	23.8 ± 0.9	23.6 ± 0.7	23.8 ± 0.9	0.358	0.388
Lens status (clear lens/cataract/IOL)	14/12/8	7/10/7	5/5/10	0.645	0.339
Epiretinal membrane	8/34	6/24	4/20	1.000	0.737
Preoperative retinal laser	12/34	9/24	7/20	1.000	1.000
Preoperative anti-VEGF	4/34	5/24	4/20	0.470	1.000
PPV (simple/combined)	26/8	20/4	17/3	0.747	1.000

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n/total unless otherwise indicated. DM: Diabetes mellitus; F: Female; IOP: Intraocular pressure; IOL: Intraocular lens; M: Male; PPV: Pars plana vitrectomy; SO: Silicone oil; SOR: Silicone oil removal; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.

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Table 2 Retinal parameters and visual acuity in the silicone oil and Air groups

Parameter	Region	Group	Group × time	1 month			3 months
Parameter	Region	P value	P value	SO	Air	P value	SO	Air	P value
RT (μm)	Foveal	0.408	0.946	262.5 ± 25.4	265.9 ± 28.0	0.733	256.7 ± 24.5	260.5 ± 25.3	0.426
	Parafoveal	0.013	0.778	382.9 ± 48.4	357.4 ± 25.9	0.016	380.4 ± 45.7	355.6 ± 26.4	0.043
	Perifoveal	0.011	0.821	388.6 ± 46.3	360.5 ± 26.1	0.036	381.4 ± 44.6	354.5 ± 25.8	0.042
VD in the SCP (%)	Foveal	0.712	0.636	31.1 ± 2.9	30.8 ± 1.4	0.936	31.7 ± 2.2	31.9 ± 0.9	0.914
	Parafoveal	0.087	0.255	44.6 ± 4.9	42.8 ± 1.6	0.114	45.3 ± 1.9	44.5 ± 2.9	0.828
	Perifoveal	0.428	0.146	43.5 ± 3.2	42.7 ± 2.3	0.735	45.1 ± 5.2	46.3 ± 4.3	0.869
VD in the DCP (%)	Foveal	0.105	0.293	35.8 ± 2.7	34.3 ± 1.5	0.143	35.5 ± 2.4	35.1 ± 3.9	0.656
	Parafoveal	0.048	0.023	41.7 ± 3.2	43.2 ± 1.9	0.264	40.8 ± 2.3	46.5 ± 3.7	0.026
	Perifoveal	0.774	0.014	42.4 ± 7.5	42.8 ± 2.0	0.933	41.2 ± 6.1	45.4 ± 3.1	0.039
FAZ (mm²)		< 0.001	0.031	0.42 ± 0.14	0.35 ± 0.05	0.025	0.57 ± 0.07	0.38 ± 0.10	< 0.001
BCVA (logMAR)		< 0.001	0.538	0.82 ± 0.33	0.56 ± 0.32	0.022	0.71 ± 0.34	0.45 ± 0.26	0.005

BCVA: Best-corrected visual acuity; DCP: Deep capillary plexus; FAZ: Foveal avascular zone; RT: Retinal thickness; SCP: Superficial capillary plexus; SO: Silicone oil; VD: Vascular density.

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Table 3 Retinal parameters and visual acuity before and after silicone oil removal

Parameter	Region	Status	Status × time	1 month			3 months
Parameter	Region	P value	P value	SO	SOR	P value	SO	SOR	P value
RT (μm)	Foveal	0.720	0.911	261.9 ± 22.1	264.8 ± 32.2	0.721	254.1 ± 21.2	255.7 ± 25.3	0.841
	Parafoveal	0.448	0.952	388.8 ± 44.3	380.7 ± 25.5	0.450	387.1 ± 45.6	378.1 ± 25.1	0.401
	Perifoveal	0.206	0.404	397.0 ± 48.7	380.0 ± 34.3	0.210	376.2 ± 49.6	375.1 ± 30.7	0.933
VD in the SCP (%)	Foveal	0.484	0.718	31.0 ± 2.6	31.6 ± 2.3	0.486	31.8 ± 2.0	33.0 ± 4.6	0.230
	Parafoveal	0.664	0.734	45.0 ± 5.4	44.5 ± 4.1	0.665	45.1 ± 2.2	44.1 ± 1.6	0.363
	Perifoveal	0.458	0.498	43.5 ± 3.2	44.3 ± 3.2	0.460	45.3 ± 5.0	45.0 ± 2.1	0.830
VD in the DCP (%)	Foveal	0.714	0.667	35.2 ± 2.0	34.9 ± 4.3	0.715	35.7 ± 1.8	35.9 ± 3.1	0.810
	Parafoveal	0.991	0.029	41.2 ± 3.3	41.2 ± 5.2	0.991	40.6 ± 1.9	44.1 ± 3.1	0.003
	Perifoveal	0.243	0.020	42.7 ± 8.4	40.8 ± 2.7	0.247	40.5 ± 3.3	43.9 ± 3.7	0.037
FAZ (mm²)		0.001	0.050	0.43 ± 0.13	0.54 ± 0.15	0.002	0.56 ± 0.09	0.58 ± 0.07	0.636
BCVA (logMAR)		0.158	0.856	0.85 ± 0.32	0.73 ± 0.30	0.162	0.74 ± 0.31	0.55 ± 0.22	0.041

BCVA: Best-corrected visual acuity; DCP: Deep capillary plexus; FAZ: Foveal avascular zone; RT: Retinal thickness; SCP: Superficial capillary plexus; SO: Silicone oil; SOR: Silicone oil removal; VD: Vascular density.

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Table 4 Correlation between optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and best-corrected visual acuity

Parameter	Foveal		Parafoveal		Perifoveal
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
RT	0.33	0.112	0.50	< 0.001	0.54	< 0.001
VD in the SCP	0.07	0.732	0.14	0.566	-0.22	0.175
VD in the DCP	-0.12	0.663	-0.44	0.016	-0.49	0.008
FAZ	0.53	< 0.001

DCP: Deep capillary plexus; FAZ: Foveal avascular zone; RT: Retinal thickness; SCP: Superficial capillary plexus; VD: Vascular density.

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Citation: Xiao YH, Zhang WP, Wang ZY. Post vitrectomy alterations of retinal microcirculation in complicated diabetic retinopathy with and without silicone oil. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(10): 122682
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i10/122682.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.122682

Xiao YH, Zhang WP, Wang ZY. Post vitrectomy alterations of retinal microcirculation in complicated diabetic retinopathy with and without silicone oil. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(10): 122682 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.122682]

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