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        ©The Author(s) 2025.
    
    
        World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 109352
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.109352
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.109352
            Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies and participants, mean  SD
        
    | Ref. | Country | Number | Female (%) | Age (years) | Diabetes duration (years) | Insulin users (%) | HbA1c (%) | Diabetic complications (%) | Scale used for DD diagnosis | DD Prevalence (%) | 
| Akter et al[21] | Bangladesh | 1184 | 72.2 | 50.1 ± 12.1 | 7.2 ± 6 | 44.7 | NR | 48.7 | DDS-17 | 22.5 | 
| Islam et al[22] | Bangladesh | 165 | 50.9 | 52.5 ± 9.3 | 8.8 ± 5.6 | 43.5 | NR | 49.7 | DDS-17 | 48.5 | 
| Kamrul-Hasan et al[23] | Bangladesh | 259 | 45.2 | 50.4 ± 12.7 | 7.8 ± 6.9 | 44.4 | 8.1 ± 2.3 | 61 | DDS-17 | 52.5 | 
| Kamruzzaman et al[24] | Bangladesh | 1406 | 58.8 | 51 ± 12.5 | 7.2 ± 7 | 41.2 | 9.8 ± 2.8 | NR | DDS-17 | 51.1 | 
| Sultana et al[25] | Bangladesh | 735 | 54.3 | 52.3 ± 12.0 | NR | 32 | NR | 41.2 | PAID-5 | 41.2 | 
| Akshatha and Nayak[26] | India | 100 | 46 | 57 ± 11.3 | 7.2 ± 5.9 | 28 | 10.1 ± 2.52 | NR | GHQ-12 | 70 | 
| Alwani et al[27] | India | 412 | 63.1 | 59 ± 10.9 | 8 | 7.3 | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 35.4 | 
| Anjali et al[28] | India | 200 | 43.5 | 54.6 ± 11.4 | NR | NR | 8.5 ± 2.9 | NR | DDS-17 | 35 | 
| Burman et al[29] | India | 367 | 53 | 51.4 ± 9.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | BDDS | 74.2 | 
| Gahlan et al[30] | India | 189 | 76.7 | 54.8 ± 10.0 | 4.1 ± 2.6 | NR | 9.8 ± 2.0 | NR | DDS-17 | 18 | 
| Gupta et al[31] | India | 133 | 21.05 | 47.8 ± 7.2 | 7.2 ± 4.0 | 49.6 | 7.7 ± 1.0 | NR | DDS-17 | 51.2 | 
| Gupta et al[32] | India | 700 | 77 | 56 | 4 | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 100 | 
| Kaur et al[33] | India | 300 | 63 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 18 | 
| Kumar et al[34] | India | 124 | 45.2 | 60 | 7 | 28.2 | NR | 41.1 | DDS-17 | 41.9 | 
| Mahala et al[35] | India | 152 | 48.7 | 50.1 ± 11.1 | 5.8 ± 5.5 | 42.1 | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 77 | 
| Nadig et al[36] | India | 104 | 44 ± 13.3 | 1.5 | NR | 9.2 ± 2.1 | NR | DDS-17 | 42 | |
| Nagabhushana et al[37] | India | 280 | 42.5 | 55.8 ± 9.6 | NR | 64.6 | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 65.7 | 
| Naik et al[38] | India | 260 | 50.8 | 56.5 ± 11.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | PAID-20 | 24.6 | 
| Natesan et al[39] | India | 122 | 30 | 57 | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 62 | 
| Panda et al[40] | India | 135 | 37 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 40 | DDS-17 | 39.4 | 
| Patra et al[41] | India | 200 | 36.5 | 51.3 ± 11.2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 42 | 
| Pinto et al[42] | India | 121 | 55.4 | 53.4 ± 11.6 | 7.5 ± 6.5 | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 20.6 | 
| Purushottaman et al[43] | India | 130 | 46.92 | 53.72 | NR | 21.53 | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 17.69 | 
| Rana et al[44] | India | 162 | 37.7 | 53.5 ± 3.7 | 9.4 ± 7.2 | 20.4 | NR | 89.5 | PAID-20 | 5 | 
| Ranjan et al[45] | India | 503 | 48.3 | NR | NR | 5.6 | NR | 40.2 | DDS-17 | 37.97 | 
| Ratnesh et al[46] | India | 250 | 34 | 54.7 ± 10.1 | NR | 50 | 8.9 ± 2.3 | NR | DDS-17 | 19.6 | 
| Roy et al[47] | India | 250 | 44.8 | 47.8 ± 8.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 24.8 | 
| Sasi et al[48] | India | 546 | 44 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 40 | 
| Sumana et al[49] | India | 142 | 44.36 | 53.9 ± 12.2 | 6.6 ± 5.3 | NR | 7.7 ± 1.6 | NR | DDS-17 | 14.1 | 
| Talwar and Talwar[50] | India | 278 | 47.5 | 44.7 ± 8.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | PAID-5 | 30.9 | 
| Todalabagi et al[51] | India | 192 | 40.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 59.37 | 
| Verma et al[52] | India | 130 | 43.8 | 46.8 ± 12.2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 55 | 
| Vidya et al[53] | India | 140 | 41.43 | NR | NR | 20 | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 58.6 | 
| Arif et al[54] | Pakistan | 349 | 61 | 53.1 ± 11.8 | 8.4 ± 6.6 | 27.9 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 93.4 | DDS-17 | 76.2 | 
| Tahir et al[55] | Pakistan | 152 | 40.1 | 49.6 ± 10.8 | 9.5 ± 6.5 | NR | 8.3 ± 1.6 | NR | DDS-17 | 91.4 | 
| Samarathunga et al[56] | Sri Lanka | 322 | 69.3 | 59.9 ± 10.2 | 11.4 ± 7.7 | NR | NR | NR | DDS-17 | 30.4 | 
| Vithiya et al[57] | Sri Lanka | 306 | 72 | 59 ± 11 | NR | 35 | 9 | NR | sDDS-15 | 19.6 | 
- Citation: Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Pappachan JM, Nagendra L, Muthukuda D, Dutta D, Bhattacharya S, Shrestha D, Dhakal GP, Sumanatilleke M, Raza SA, Kalra S. Prevalence of diabetes distress among people with type 2 diabetes in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(8): 109352
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i8/109352.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.109352

 
         
                         
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                         
                         
                        