Diabetes mellitus type 2 as an underlying, comorbid or consequent state of mental disorders

Table 1 Pathophysiology of various types of diabetes mellitus

Type of diabetes mellitus	Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus	Autoimmune β-cell destruction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Insulin resistance (liver, muscle, adipose tissue)
	Disorder of insulin secretion and β-cells breakdown
	Immune dysregulation and metainflammation
	Disorder of incretin production (glucagon-like peptide-1)
	Hyperglucagonemia
	Gut dysbiosis
	Increased glucose apsorption in stomach
	Kidney adaptation with increased glucose reabsorption and gluconeogenesis
	Decreased dopamine and increased sympathetic tone in brain
Type 3 diabetes mellitus concept	Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling
Gestational diabetes mellitus	Pregnancy induced glucose intolerance