Relationship between age of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and mode of delivery and neonatal Apgar score

Table 1 Comparison of general data of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in two groups

General data		Right age group (n = 377)	Older group (n = 206)	t/χ2	P
Pregnancy mode	Natural pregnancy	343 (90.98)	170 (82.52)	9.018	0.003
	Assisted pregnancy	34 (9.02)	36 (17.48)
Education level	Primary school and below	4 (1.06)	5 (2.43)	5.054	0.080
	Junior high school	80 (21.22)	57 (27.67)
	College degree or above	293 (77.72)	144 (69.90)
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2)		22.30 ± 3.77	22.80 ± 3.75	1.534	0.126
Gestational weight gain (kg)		10.83 ± 15.21	9.20 ± 16.15	1.210	0.227
FBG (mmol/L)		4.93 ± 1.14	4.89 ± 0.69	0.460	0.646
≤ 37 wk gestation		110 (29.18)	84 (40.78)	8.072	0.004
No. of Pregnancies	1	134 (35.54)	24 (11.65)	38.493	< 0.001
	≥ 2	243 (64.46)	182 (88.35)
Delivery times	0	226 (59.95)	59 (28.64)	52.441	< 0.001
	1	129 (34.22)	123 (59.71)
	≥ 2	22 (5.84)	24 (11.65)
Pre-pregnancy blood glucose screening	Yes	159 (42.18)	67 (32.52)	5.227	0.022
	No	218 (57.82)	139 (67.48)

BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose.

Table 2 Comparison of delivery modes between the two groups

Groups	Cases	Natural delivery	Cesarean section rate
Right age group	377	154 (40.85)	223 (59.15)
Older group	206	46 (22.33)	160 (77.67)
χ2		20.271
P		< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of adverse outcomes between two groups

Adverse outcomes	Right age group (n = 377)	Older group (n = 206)	t/χ2	P
Preterm birth	40 (10.61)	26 (12.62)	0.37	0.464
Polyhydramnios	5 (1.32)	8 (3.88)	3.996	0.046
Oligohydramnios	32 (8.49)	10 (4.85)	2.631	0.105
Fetal distress	40 (10.61)	10 (4.85)	5.628	0.018
Macrosomia	8 (2.12)	2 (0.97)	1.047	0.306
Umbilical cord around the neck	125 (33.16)	59 (28.64)	1.258	0.262
Neonatal death events	3 (0.80)	1 (0.49)	0.188	0.664
Neonatal hospitalization	4 (0.27)	1 (0.49)	0.519	0.471
Neonatal aspiration pneumonia	3 (0.80)	2 (0.97)	0.048	0.827
Neonatal Hypoglycemia	4 (0.27)	2 (0.97)	0.011	0.918
neonatal jaundice	5 (1.32)	2 (0.97)	0.142	0.706
Postpartum hemorrhage (mL)	318.62 ± 97.02	362.20 ± 175.92	3.861	0.001

Table 4 Comparison of Apgar score between the two groups

Groups	Cases	Neonatal weight (g)	1 min Apgar score	5 min Apgar score
Right age group	377	3107.66 ± 467.26	9.69 ± 0.06	9.93 ± 0.05
Older group	206	3102.07 ± 508.40	9.67 ± 0.08	9.89 ± 0.04
χ2		0.134	3.408	9.882
P		0.894	0.001	< 0.001

Table 5 Analysis of related factors of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in older pregnant women

Factors		Poor outcome group (n = 112)	Good outcome group (n = 94)	t/χ2	P
Age		38.75 ± 1.26	37.26 ± 1.78	7.011	< 0.001
Education level	Primary school and below	0 (0.00)	5 (5.32)	6.257	0.044
	Junior high school	33 (29.46)	24 (25.53)
	College degree or above	79 (70.54)	65 (69.15)
Pregnancy mode	Natural pregnancy	87 (77.68)	83 (88.30)	3.996	0.046
	Assisted reproduction	25 (22.32)	11 (11.70)
≤ 37 wk gestation		53 (47.32)	31 (32.98)	4.354	0.037
No. of pregnancies	1	18 (16.07)	6 (6.38)	4.661	0.031
	≥ 2	94 (83.93)	88 (93.62)
No. of deliveries	0	36 (32.14)	23 (24.47)	1.543	0.462
	1	63 (56.25)	60 (63.83)
	≥ 2	13 (11.61)	11 (11.70)
Mode of delivery	Natural labor	25 (22.32)	21 (22.34)	0.000	0.997
	Cesarean section	87 (77.68)	73 (77.66)
Premature rupture of membranes		36 (32.14)	0 (0.00)	36.613	< 0.001

Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for maternal and infant adverse outcomes in elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Risk factors	B	SE	Wald χ2	P	OR	95%CI
Age	0.485	0.074	15.090	0.005	1.254	1.002-4.056
Education level	0.650	0.112	20.482	0.019	1.234	1.051-5.573
Pregnancy mode	0.253	0.145	2. 774	0.045	1.254	0.976-1.780
≤ 37 wk gestation	0.504	0.256	3.157	0.086	1.643	0.949-2.954
No. of pregnancies	0.784	0.165	5.48	0.097	1.262	0.758-1.985
Premature rupture of membranes	0.864	0.142	16.751	0.011	1.318	1.185-9.254

SEM: Standard error of mean; OR: Odd ratio; CI: Confidence interval.