Association between restrictive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes in Koreans: A cross-sectional study

doi:10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.425

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 11, Issue 10

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (6305)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-1) series, Tables (1-4) series.

Item

Count

PDF

263

WORD

182

HTML

2227

Figures (1-1)

261

Tables (1-4)

328

Sum=3261

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

388

Download

801

Sum=1189

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

563

Download

1292

Sum=1855

Oct 15, 2020 (publication date) through Nov 5, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (9)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Diabetes

ISSN

1948-9358

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2020; 11(10): 425-434
Published online Oct 15, 2020. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.425

Table 1 Characteristics of individuals with normal, restrictive, and obstructive pulmonary disease

	Normal, n = 2177	RPD, n = 251	OPD, n = 402
Age (yr)¹	53.50 ± 0.27^a	57.79 ± 0.81^b	62.40 ± 0.65^c
Male (%)¹	45.1^a	50.8^a	78.5^b
T2DM (%)¹	7.9^a	21.1^b	12.2^c
HOMA-IR¹	2.10 ± 0.07^a	3.13 ± 0.41^b	2.21 ± 0.14^a
HOMA-beta¹	78.51 ± 2.50^a	83.13 ± 4.07^b	76.23 ± 3.83^c
HbA1c (%)¹	5.71 ± 0.02^a	6.14 ± 0.09^b	5.93 ± 0.06^bc
Hs-CRP (mg/L)¹	1.07 ± 0.05^a	1.79 ± 0.19^b	1.48 ± 0.17^a
Fasting insulin (UIU/mL)¹	7.80 ± 0.16^a	9.84 ± 0.61^b	8.07 ± 0.43^a
BMI (kg/m²)¹	24.08 ± 0.07^a	25.67 ± 0.23^b	24.08 ± 0.16^a
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)¹	101.99 ± 0.67^a	116.33 ± 3.64^b	105.85 ± 1.62^c
Waist circumference (cm)¹	82.97 ± 0.22^a	87.59 ± 0.60^b	86.29 ± 0.45^b
SBP (mmHg)¹	119.46 ± 0.42^a	123.83 ± 1.27^b	124.47 ± 0.85^b
DBP (mmHg)¹	77.22 ± 0.26	76.53 ± 0.86	76.27 ± 0.659
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	197.35 ± 0.89^a	190.21 ± 2.59^b	191.86 ± 2.43^b
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	118.97 ± 0.81^a	114.61 ± 2.21^a	116.41 ± 2.37^b
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	50.73 ± 0.34^a	47.97 ± 0.88^b	46.62 ± 0.68^b
Triglyceride (mg/dL)¹	148.73 ± 3.28^a	155.62 ± 11.25^b	157.15 ± 7.17^c
Smoking status (%) (non-/ex-/current smoker)¹	57.6/24.2/18.3^a	56.7/25.3/18.0^a	30.8/40.3/28.9^b
Drinking alcohol status (%) (non-/current drinking)	25.6/74.4	30.5/69.5	23.3/76.7
FVC (% predicted)¹	3.69 ± 0.02^a	2.88 ± 0.04^b	3.83 ± 0.07^a
FEV1 (L)¹	2.93 ± 0.02^a	2.29 ± 0.04^b	2.48 ± 0.05^c
FEV1/FVC¹	0.80 ± 0.00^a	0.80 ± 0.00^a	0.64 ± 0.00^b
PEF (L/s)¹	7.75 ± 0.06^a	6.55 ± 0.12^b	6.67 ± 0.11^b

¹P < 0.05 by ANOVA or chi-square test. ^a,b,cThe same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Data were presented as means ± SD or n (%). T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Hs-CRP: Hs-C-reactive protein; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; LDL-cholesterol: Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol. FVC: Forced vital capacity; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume 1.

Table 2 Characteristics of individuals with pulmonary function in normal, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetic subjects

	Normal, n = 1608	IFG, n = 934	T2DM, n = 288
Age (yr)¹	53.63 ± 0.31^a	56.23 ± 0.40^b	58.95 ± 0.71^c
Male (%)¹	42.9 ± 1.3^a	58.2 ± 1.7^b	62.0 ± 3.5^b
RPD/OPD (%)¹	6.2/11.5^a	8.4/13.3^b	18.1/15.9^c
HOMA-IR¹	1.45 ± 0.03^a	2.49 ± 0.06^b	5.52 ± 0.58^c
HOMA-beta¹	84.75 ± 1.58^a	76.38 ± 1.93^b	48.56 ± 3.96^c
HbA1c (%)¹	5.47 ± 0.01^a	5.79 ± 0.02^b	7.61 ± 0.12^c
Hs-CRP (mg/L)¹	0.94 ± 0.04^a	1.34 ± 0.09^b	2.04 ± 0.30^c
Fasting insulin (UIU/mL)¹	6.42 ± 0.12^a	9.35 ± 0.24^b	13.02 ± 1.05^c
BMI (kg/m²)¹	23.63 ± 0.08^a	24.97 ± 0.11^b	25.19 ± 0.22^b
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)¹	90.84 ± 0.16^a	107.44 ± 0.26^b	168.79 ± 3.34^c
Waist circumference (cm)¹	81.52 ± 0.24^a	86.44 ± 0.31^b	88.32 ± 0.57^c
SBP (mmHg)¹	117.92 ± 0.46^a	123.00 ± 0.58^b	126.55 ± 1.14^c
DBP (mmHg)¹	76.39 ± 0.32^a	78.18 ± 0.39^b	77.10 ± 0.75^a
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	196.00 ± 0.96^a	198.67 ± 1.46^a	186.82 ± 2.73^b
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	118.77 ± 0.91^a	120.50 ± 1.30^a	107.90 ± 2.26^b
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)¹	51.71 ± 0.39^a	48.25 ± 0.46^b	45.30 ± 0.72^c
Triglyceride (mg/dL)¹	130.65 ± 3.08^a	166.09 ± 5.44^b	216.02 ± 15.20^c
Smoking status (%) (non-/ex-/current smoker)¹	59.9/22.1/18.0^a	46.6/32.0/21.4^b	45.6/31.7/22.8^b
Drinking alcohol status (%) (non-/current drinking)	26.4/73.6	23.6/76.4	28.9/71.1
FVC (% predicted)¹	3.61 ± 0.26^a	3.72 ± 0.04^b	3.56 ± 0.07^a
FEV1 (L)¹	2.81 ± 0.02^a	2.86 ± 0.03^ab	2.72 ± 0.05^ac
FEV1/FVC¹	0.78 ± 0.00^a	0.77 ± 0.00^b	0.77 ± 0.01^b
PEF (L/sec)¹	7.42 ± 0.06^a	7.73 ± 0.09^b	7.48 ± 0.15^ab

¹P < 0.05 by ANOVA or chi-square test. ^a,b,cThe same letters indicate non-significant difference between groups based on Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Data were presented as means ± SD or n (%). IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Hs-CRP: Hs-C-reactive protein; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; LDL-cholesterol: Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; FVC: Forced vital capacity; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume 1.

Table 3 Odds ratios for pulmonary function according to the fasting glucose level by multivariate logistic regression analysis

	Pulmonary disease	Fasting glucose odds ratio (95%CI)
	Pulmonary disease	IFG (100-125)	T2DM ( ≥ 126)
Model 1	RPD	1.453 (1.059-1.995)^a	3.621 (2.316-5.663)^b
	OPD	1.199 (0.888-1.619)	1.744 (1.164-2.614)^a
Model 2	RPD	1.282 (0.939-1.749)	2.890 (1.810-4.616)^b
	OPD	0.725 (0.518-1.014)	0.821 (0.525-1.284)
Model 3	RPD	1.074 (0.781-1.476)	2.316 (1.438-3.729)^b
	OPD	0.699 (0.498-0.982)	0.796 (0.501-1.267)
Model 4	RPD	0.934 (0.638-1.369)	1.907 (1.110-3.277)^a
	OPD	0.722 (0.512-1.019)	0.782 (0.484-1.263)

^aP < 0.01.

^bP < 0.001. Model 1: Crude; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex; Model 3: Adjusted for variables in Model 2 + body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status; Model 4: Adjusted for variables in Model 3 + C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment-IR. Reference category: Individuals with normal. RPD: Restrictive pulmonary disease; OPD: Obstructive pulmonary disease; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 4 Odds ratios for type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the pulmonary function by multivariate logistic regression analysis

	Pulmonary disease	Odds ratio	95%CI
Model 1	RPD	3.127^b	2.056-4.756
	OPD	1.631^a	1.103-2.412
Model 2	RPD	2.580^b	1.670-3.988
	OPD	1.033	0.673-1.584
Model 3	RPD	2.257^b	1.465-3.475
	OPD	0.984	0.633-1.531
Model 4	RPD	2.025^a	1.264-3.244
	OPD	0.982	0.634-1.519

^aP < 0.01.

^bP < 0.001. Model 1: Crude; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex; Model 3: Adjusted for variables in model 2 + body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status; Model 4: Adjusted for variables in model 3 + C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment -IR. Reference category: Individuals with normal. RPD: Restrictive pulmonary disease; OPD: Obstructive pulmonary disease.

Citation: Lee DY, Nam SM. Association between restrictive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes in Koreans: A cross-sectional study. World J Diabetes 2020; 11(10): 425-434
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v11/i10/425.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.425