Management and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lebanon: Results from the International Diabetes Management Practices Study Wave 6

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus

Characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients
Age, mean ± SD	59.37 ± 10.85
Female, n (%)	307 (51.6)
Body mass index in kg/m2, mean ± SD	30.13 ± 5.47
Waist circumference in cm, mean ± SD	100.25 ± 13.14
Residence, n (%)
Urban	375 (63.0)
Rural	126 (21.2)
Sub-urban	94 (15.8)
Health insurance
Yes	417 (70.1)
No	178 (29.9)
Time since diabetes diagnosis in yr, mean ± SD	8.88 ± 7.19
Family history of diabetes, n (%)
Yes	436 (76)
No	138 (24)
Time since diabetes diagnosis in yr, n (%)
≤ 1	85 (14.3)
1-5	162 (27.3)
5-10	137 (23.1)
10-20	171 (28.8)
> 20	38 (6.4)
Treatment of diabetes
Diet and exercise alone	10 (1.7)
OGLD	421 (70.7)
Insulin treatment	22 (3.7)
OGLD treatment + insulin treatment	124 (20.8)
Other (No OGLD - no insulin - no diet)	18 (3)
Level of education, n (%)
Illiterate	54 (9.1)
Primary	207 (34.9)
Secondary	228 (38.4)
University/higher education	104 (17.5)
Health insurance coverage, n (%)
None	178 (29.9)
Public	288 (69.1)
Private	80 (19.2)
Public and private	49 (11.8)
Smoking habit, n (%)
Never	150 (25.2)
Former	131 (22.0)
Current	314 (52.8)
Hypertension, n (%) [95%CI]	356 (60.2) [56.2%; 64.2%]
Patient receiving anti-platelet therapy, n (%)	236 (42.4)
Dyslipidemia, n (%) [95%CI]	401 (68.3) [64.4%; 72.1%]

OGLD: Oral glucose lowering drugs.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus in 2011 and 2013

	IDMPS 2013	IDMPS 2011
Total patients recruited	596	1157
Age in yr	59.37	56.42
Male/female, n/n	289/307	588/569
BMI, kg/m2	30.13	28.92
BP control
Mean BP	130.03/77.89	130.8/79.7
SBP < 130, %	40.2	43.7
DBP < 80, %	39.8	33
HTN treatment
ACEI, %	33.3	36.2
ARB, %	50	50.1
Antiplatelet therapy, %	42.4	45.7
Dyslipidemia and management
Diagnosed with dyslipidemia, %	68.3	68
LDL < 100 mg/dL, %	39.2	39.3
HDL ≥ 40 mg/dL, %	68.5	62.7
TG < 150 mg/dL, %	44.4	39
Statin therapy, %	86.5	82.7
Glycemic control
Mean HbA1c	7.98	7.79
HbA1c < 7%, %	31.4	36.1

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HTN: Hypertension; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blockers; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TG: Triglycerides; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.

Table 3 Screening of diabetes-related complications in patients with diabetes mellitus

Screening for any diabetes-related complication, n (%)
Yes	553 (97.9)
No	12 (2.1)
Screening for cardiovascular disease
At least one time during the past year	376 (76.9)
Never	113 (23.1)
Eye screening
At least one time during the past year	295 (65.7)
Never	154 (34.3)
Number of eye screening, mean (SD)	1.20 (0.57)
Screening for nerve damage
At least one time during the past year	232 (53.8)
Never	199 (46.2)
Number of screening for nerve damage, mean ± SD	1.75 ± 1.01
Screening for kidney damage
At least one time during the past year	425 (82.5)
Never	90 (17.5)
Number of screening for kidney damage, mean ± SD	1.87 ± 1.02
Screening for foot examination
At least one time during the past year	297 (63.9)
Never	168 (36.1)
Number of screening for foot examination, mean ± SD	1.90 ± 1.08
Screening for blood lipid control
At least one time during the past year	496 (94.8)
Never	27 (5.2)
Number of screening for blood lipid control, mean ± SD	2.06 ± 1.04
Screening for blood pressure control n (%)
At least one time during the past year	286 (86.1)
Never	46 (13.9)
Number of screening for blood pressure control, mean ± SD	2.57 ± 1.17

Table 4 Reported diabetes-related complications for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Reported diabetes-related complications	n (%)
Any diabetes-related complication	264 (45.7)
Microvascular complications
At least one microvascular complication	223 (38.6)
Retinopathy	77 (13.3)
Sensory neuropathy: abnormal sensation in distal limbs	125 (21.6)
Microalbuminuria: lab test	130 (22.5)
Proteinuria: dip stick	20 (3.5)
Dialysis	1 (0.2)
Amputation: below knee or above knee	2 (0.3)
Foot ulcer: active or past history	13 (2.2)
Macrovascular complications
At least one macrovascular complication	122 (21.1)
Angina	31 (5.4)
Myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome	38 (6.6)
Heart failure	11 (1.9)
Stroke with partial recovery	4 (0.7)
Stroke with full recovery	8 (1.4)
Peripheral vascular disease	59 (10.2)
History of revascularization: e.g., PTCA, CABG	41 (7.1)
Other complications	20 (3.5)

Table 5 Dyslipidemia among patients with diabetes mellitus, n (%)

Dyslipidemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Patient diagnosed with dyslipidemia	402 (68.4)
Patient treated for lipids	380 (94.8)
Current treatment
Statins	329 (86.6)
Fibrates	92 (24.2)
Nicotinic acid	0
Other treatment for dyslipidemia	3 (0.8)