Burden of diabetic foot ulcer in Nigeria: Current evidence from the multicenter evaluation of diabetic foot ulcer in Nigeria

Table 1 Clinical profile of the patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Variable	n (%)	mean ± SD
Age (yr)		55.9 ± 12.5
< 45 yr	48 (14.3)
45-64 yr	200 (59.5)
≥ 65 yr	88 (26.2)
Gender (male)	185 (55.1)
Occupation
Civil servants	61(18.2)
Traders	137 (40.8)
Artisans	12 (3.6)
Farmers	40 (11.9)
Unemployed	86 (25.6)
Cigarette smoking (current smokers)	17 (5.1)
Diabetes type (type 2)	323 (96.1)
Diabetes duration (yr)		8.5 ± 5.7
≤ 10 yr	250 (74.4)
11-20 yr	79 (23.5)
> 20 yr	7 (2.1)
Newly diagnosed diabetes	49 (14.6)
Glycated hemoglobin (%) (n = 296)		9.6 ± 1.9
HbA1c < 7%	17 (5.7)
Referred from outside the study centers	241 (71.7)
Ever had foot care education	87 (25.9)
Type of Ulcer
Neuropathic	125 (37.2)
Ischemic	42 (12.5)
Neuro-ischemic	135 (40.2)
Non-neuropathic, non-ischemic	34 (10.1)
Duration of ulcer before admission (d)		39 (28-54)1
Ulcer > 30 d duration	237 (70.5)
Previous history of ulcer	96 (28.6)
Advanced ulcer (Wagner grade ≥ 3)	266 (79.2)
Presence of wound infection	258 (76.8)
Co-morbid complications
Hypertension	191 (56.8)
Shock	40 (11.9)
Anemia	180 (53.6)
Hyperglycemic emergency	123 (36.6)
Hypoglycemia	33 (9.8)
Cardiac failure	23 (6.8)
Renal impairment	66 (19.6)
Stroke	32 (9.5)

¹Data presented as median (interquartile range).