Diabetes in the Kokan region of India

doi:10.4239/wjd.v10.i1.37

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Jan 15, 2019 (publication date) through Dec 1, 2024

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2019; 10(1): 37-46
Published online Jan 15, 2019. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i1.37

Table 1 Anthropometry and body composition

	Diabetic		Non-diabetic		P for diabetic vs non-diabetic
	*Men, n =* 102**	*Women, n =* 66**	*Men, n =* 68**	*Women, n =* 76**	Men	Women
Age
Current age	55.2 (13.1)	57.9 (9.5)	41.7 (12.0)	38.2 (10.2)	0.000	0.000
Age at diagnosis	48.7 (12.1)	50.9 (10.5)
Anthropometry
Height, cm	164.2 (6.4)	151.1 (6.3)	162.7 (8.4)	152.1 (7.7)	0.17	0.13
Weight, kg	64.7 (11.7)	56.6 (12.1)	59.9 (13.5)	50.4 (11.9)	0.27	0.001
BMI, kg/m²	24.0 (3.9)	24.7 (4.9)	22.5 (4.3)	21.7 (4.4)	0.45	0.002
Waist circumference,cm	92.0 (9.9)	87.5 (11.4)	81.3 (12.6)	76.0 (9.8)	0.000	0.000
Hip circumference, cm	94.2 (9.2)	97.3 (11.9)	89.8 (10.3)	89.4 (10.5)	0.22	0.000
WHR	0.98 (0.08)	0.90 (0.09)	0.90 (0.09)	0.85 (0.07)	0.000	0.045
Body composition by bio-impedance
Body fat, %	22.6 (5.7)	35.6 (6.8)	21.3 (6.8)	30.5 (7.2)	0.87	0.026
Body fat, kg	15.2 (6.2)	21.2 (8.4)	14.1 (8.7)	15.7 (6.3)	0.89	0.000
Muscle mass, %	73.2 (5.4)	60.7 (6.4)	72.9 (8.7)	64.4 (10.5)	0.13	0.38
Muscle mass, kg	46.7 (5.9)	33.6 (4.4)	43.4 (8.1)	33.4 (7.1)	0.03	0.19
Visceral fat level	12.1 (4.4)	7.2 (2.6)	8.6 (5.3)	4.6 (2.9)	0.23	0.019
Fat free mass, kg	49.3 (6.3)	35.6 (4.8)	46.1 (8.2)	34.8 (6.3)	0.068	0.057
TBW, %	54.0 (3.6)	46.7 (3.6)	53.5 (3.5)	48.3 (5.7)	0.69	0.077
TBW, kg	34.7 (5.4)	25.6 (4.0)	31.8 (6.0)	24.5 (4.6)	0.12	0.056
BMR, calories/time	1350.2 (188.9)	1059.8 (168.9)	1291.0(231.4)	1043 (185.6)	0.30	0.004

Data are mean (standard deviation). P is adjusted for current age for anthropometry; body composition parameters are already age adjusted.BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; TBW: Total body water; BMR: Basal metabolic rate.

Table 2 Family history, diabetic complications, and anthropometric morbidity

	Diabetic		Non-diabetic		P for diabetic vs non-diabetic
	*Men, n =* 102**	*Women, n =* 66**	*Men, n =* 68**	*Women, n =* 76**	Men	Women
Diabetes history
Family history
1^st degree	45 (44)	34 (51)
2^nd degree	7 (7)	9 (14)
Complications
Macrovascular	72 (69.9)	47 (71.2)
Microvascular	13 (12.1)	1 (1.5)
Underweight	8 (7.8)	7 (10.6)	13 (19.1)	20 (26.3)
Normal	54 (52.9)	27 (40.9)	35 (51.5)	41 (53.9)	0.07	0.001
Overweight	40 (39.2)	32 (48.5)	20 (29.4)	15 (41.9)
Centrally obese	59 (58)	49 (74)	19 (28.4)	29 (39.7)	0.000	0.000

Data are n (%).

Table 3 Body mass index and body composition in diabetics

	*Diabetic, n =* 168**				P-value for lean vs overweight
	*Men, n =* 102**		*Women, n =* 66**		Men	Women
	*Lean, n =* 62**	*Overweight, n =* 40**	*Lean, n =* 34**	*Overweight, n =* 32**	Men	Women
Body fat, %	19.6 (4.4)	27.5 (4.0)	30.6 (4.7)	40.9 (4.1)	0.000	0.000
Body fat, kg	11.5 (3.5)	21.0 (5.1)	15.3 (5.4)	27.2 (6.7)	0.000	0.000
Musclemass, %	76.2 (4.1)	68.5 (3.8)	65.4 (4.4)	55.7 (3.9)	0.000	0.000
Musclemass, kg	43.8 (4.7)	51.3 (4.7)	31.1 (2.9)	36.3 (4.1)	0.000	0.000
Visceral fat level	10.0 (3.9)	15.3 (3.1)	5.2 (1.6)	9.3 (1.7)	0.000	0.000
Fat free mass, kg	46.2 (4.9)	54.1 (4.9)	32.8 (3.2)	38.5 (4.4)	0.000	0.000
TBW, %	55.3 (3.6)	52.0 (2.5)	48.6 (3.5)	44.5 (2.4)	0.000	0.000
TBW, kg	31.9 (4.1)	39.0 (4.4)	23.1 (2.3)	28.6 (3.6)	0.000	0.000
BMR, calories/time	1251.6 (139.1)	1502.3 (152.5)	953.7 (100.8)	1172.7 (153.3)	0.000	0.000

Data are mean (standard deviation). TBW: Total body water; BMR: Basal metabolic rate.

Table 4 Body mass indexand body composition in non-diabetics

	*Non-diabetic, n =* 144**				P-value for lean vs overweight
	*Men, n =* 68**		*Women, n =* 76**		Men	Women
	*Lean, n =* 48**	*Overweight, n =* 20**	*Lean, n =* 61**	*Overweight, n =* 15**	Men	Women
Body fat, %	18.8 (6.3)	27.6 (2.6)	28.4 (5.5)	39.1 (6.9)	0.000	0.000
Body fat, kg	11.0 (6.6)	21.5 (9.1)	13.6 (4.5)	24.7 (5.4)	0.000	0.000
Musclemass, %	75.5 (8.1)	68.7 (7.1)	65.9 (10.8)	58.1 (6.4)	0.000	0.000
Musclemass, kg	40.7 (6.0)	50.1 (8.6)	32.0 (6.2)	38.9 (7.8)	0.000	0.000
Visceral fat level	6.2 (4.3)	14.3 (1.9)	3.6 (1.9)	8.8 (2.2)	0.000	0.000
Bone mass, kg	2.2 (0.4)	2.8 (0.3)	1.8 (0.4)	2.3 (0.5)	0.000	0.000
Fat free mass, kg	42.7 (6.6)	54.1 (5.7)	33.3 (4.7)	41.0 (8.5)	0.000	0.000
TBW, %	54.6 (3.5)	51.0 (1.9)	48.8 (6.1)	46.1 (3.1)	0.000	0.075
TBW, kg	29.0 (4.3)	38.5 (4.1)	23.3 (3.3)	29.4 (5.8)	0.000	0.000
BMR, calories/time	1196.2 (185.2)	1521.5 (159.6)	1001.2 (148.4)	1228.7 (221.8)	0.000	0.000

Data are mean (standard deviation). TBW: Total body water; BMR: Basal metabolic rate.

Citation: Suvarna P, Shruti K, Maruti D, Charudatta J. Diabetes in the Kokan region of India. World J Diabetes 2019; 10(1): 37-46
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v10/i1/37.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v10.i1.37