Serum elemental profiles and their associations with glycemic control in pediatric type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Figure 1 Correlation analysis between serum elements and glycemic control. A: Representative scatter plots showing correlations between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (%) and serum concentrations of zinc (Zn) (μg/dL), copper (Cu) (μg/dL), and the Zn-to-Cu (Zn/Cu) ratio in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as in the overall diabetes cohort; B: Representative scatter plots showing correlations between HbA1c levels (%) and serum concentrations of magnesium (mg/dL), calcium (mg/dL), and selenium (μg/L) in pediatric patients with T1DM and T2DM, as well as in the overall diabetes cohort. The plots include linear regression lines for T1DM (blue), T2DM (red), and overall diabetes (black), with each point representing an individual participant. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ) and significance values (P) are also included, with thresholds set at P < 0.05. T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; Zn: Zinc; Cu: Copper; Mg: Magnesium; Ca: Calcium; Se: Selenium.