Association between the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across different glycemic states

Figure 1 Study flowchart of participant selection. FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TG: Triglycerides; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin.

Figure 2 Feature importance analysis using the Boruta algorithm across glycemic states. A-D: Boruta algorithm results showing feature importance (Z-scores) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease identification across different glycemic states: Total population (A), normal glucose regulation (B), prediabetes mellitus (C), and diabetes mellitus (D). NGR: Normal glucose regulation; Pre-DM: Prediabetes mellitus; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; BRI: Body roundness index; WC: Waist circumference; CTI: C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index; WHR: Waist to hip ratio; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose index; TG: Triglycerides; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; FINS: Fasting insulin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HC: Hip circumference; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; UA: Uric acid; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin; HTG: Hypertriglyceridemia; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; Cr: Serum creatinine; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; NFS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; ALB: Albumin; TP: Total protein; TCHO: Total cholesterol; PLT: Platelet count; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TBIL: Total bilirubin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HTN: Hypertension.

Figure 3 Dose-response relationships between C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease using restricted cubic splines. A-D: Restricted cubic splines curves depicting the dose-response relationship between C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease odds ratios across glycemic states: Total population (A), normal glucose regulation (B), prediabetes mellitus (C), and diabetes mellitus (D). Adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, current drinking, regular exercise, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hip circumference, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, platelet count, albumin, glycated haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, history of hypertension, history of hypertriglyceridemia, history of low HDL-C. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; NGR: Normal glucose regulation; Pre-DM: Prediabetes mellitus; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Figure 4 Subgroup analysis of C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index-metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease associations. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.